I-316L yensimbi engenasici ye-capillary coil i-tubing yekhemikhali yecandelo lekhemikhali

Injongo yalo msebenzi kukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokucubungula i-laser ezenzekelayo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye neendleko zenkqubo echazwe kwangaphambili.Lo msebenzi uquka uhlalutyo lobungakanani kunye neemodeli zokubikezela iindleko ze-laser fabrication ye-Nd yangaphakathi: i-YVO4 microchannels kwi-PMMA kunye ne-laser processing yangaphakathi ye-polycarbonate yokwenziwa kwezixhobo ze-microfluidic.Ukufezekisa ezi njongo zeprojekthi, i-ANN kunye ne-DoE yathelekisa ubungakanani kunye neendleko ze-CO2 kunye ne-Nd: iinkqubo ze-laser YVO4.Ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kokulawulwa kwengxelo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-submicron yokubeka umgca kunye nempendulo evela kwi-encoder iphunyeziwe.Ngokukodwa, i-automation ye-laser radiation kunye nokubekwa kwesampulu kulawulwa yiFPGA.Ulwazi olunzulu lweNd: YVO4 inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nesofthiwe ivumele ukuba iyunithi yokulawula ithathelwe indawo yiCompact-Rio Programmable Automation Controller (PAC), eyaphunyezwa kwi-High Resolution Feedback 3D Positioning step of LabVIEW Code Control Submicron Encoders. .I-automation epheleleyo yale nkqubo kwikhowudi yeLabVIEW iyaphuhliswa.Umsebenzi wangoku kunye nowexesha elizayo uquka imilinganiselo yokuchaneka komda, ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kweenkqubo zoyilo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuhambelanayo kwe-microchannel geometry ye-microfluidic kunye ne-laboratory device-on-a-chip fabrication ye-chemical applications/analytical applications kunye nesayensi yokwahlula.

316 L Ababoneleli ngeetyhubhu zentsimbi engenasici

I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing yityhubhu yentsimbi ende kakhulu eqhele ukuba yi-intshi eyi-1 - 3.25 ububanzi ebonelelwa ngokudityaniswa kwireli enkulu kwimizi-mveliso yeoli neyegesi.Isetyenziselwa ukulamla kwiqula le-oyile kunye negesi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha njengetyhubhu yemveliso kumaqula erhasi aphelileyo.

Ngokufana ne-wireliningSS 316 iTubing eKoyiweyo engenamthungo ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi.Eyona nzuzo iphambili kwi-wireline kukukwazi ukumpompa iikhemikhali ngekhoyili kunye nokukwazi ukuyityhala emngxunyeni kunokuxhomekeka kubunzima.I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing Heat Exchanger ifanelekile kwizicelo ezifana nezifudumezi zeyunithi, ukufudumeza komoya kwibhoyila, ukujiya kunye nokupholisa kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu bomoya kunye nezicelo zokomisa.Ezinye zeempawu ze-coil tubing zokutshintshiselana kobushushu kukuguquguquka, ukuhla koxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu.

Ityhubhu ye-304 ye-Stainless Steel Coil ikwasetyenziselwa uhlobo olungabizi kakhulu lomsebenzi xa usebenza.Isetyenziselwa ukugaya umngxuma ovulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokomba.Iintsimbi zetyhubhu ezidityanisiweyo zinamandla emveliso ukusuka kwi-55,000psi -120,000psi ngoko ke inokusetyenziselwa ukwaphula indawo yokugcina amanzi, inkqubo apho ulwelo lunyanzeliswa kumawaka e-psi kwindawo ethile equleni ukuqhekeza ilitye kunye nokuvumela ukuhamba. ukuhamba kwemveliso.Phantse nawuphi na umsebenzi I-Coil tubing inokusebenza kwimisebenzi yequla leoli ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo.Welded Stainless Steel Coil ityhubhu ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana iipropati zombane eliphezulu, unyango ubushushu ebalaseleyo, iimpawu thermal, njl Inzuzo ukukhetha Duplex Stainless Steel Umbhobho umenzi kukufumana 10% ixabiso eliphantsi thelekisa stockist kunye nomthengisi e Mumbai kunye Prime umgangatho imathiriyeli. kunye neSatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill.Inzuzo ukukhetha 5/16 Stainless Steel Tubing Coil umenzi kukufumana 10% ixabiso eliphantsi thelekisa stockist kunye nomthengisi e Mumbai kunye Prime impahla umgangatho kunye Mill test Certificate.

I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing uluhlu lwamaxabiso lwamva nje

SS 316 iTshati yokuCacisa iTubing eKoyiweyo engenamthungo

I-PVC okanye i-TPU egqunywe nge-SS 316 engenamthungo eKoyiweyo iTubing ilungele imigca yokulawula, iintlukwano, kunye nemigca yokutofa kwemichiza.

Usetyenziso oluninzi lweendawo ezibunjiweyo zentsimbi eqinileyo (SSM) zifuna iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini.Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zomatshini ezifana nokunganyangeki, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-microstructure ezidalwe yi-ultra-fine ubukhulu beenkozo.Lo bungakanani beenkozo budla ngokuxhomekeke kweyona ndlela iphezulu yokuqhubekeka kwe-SSM.Nangona kunjalo, i-SSM castings ihlala iqulethe i-porosity eshiyekileyo, eyingozi kakhulu ekusebenzeni.Kulo msebenzi, iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokubumba isinyithi esinesiqingatha-nzima ukufumana iindawo eziphezulu zomgangatho ziya kuphononongwa.Ezi nxalenye kufuneka zibe nokunciphisa i-porosity kunye neempawu eziphuculweyo ze-microstructural, kubandakanywa ubungakanani bengqolowa obuyi-ultra-fine kunye nokusabalalisa okufanayo kokuqina kwe-precipitates kunye ne-alloying microelement composition.Ngokukodwa, impembelelo yendlela yokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwexesha lobushushu ekuphuhliseni i-microstructure efunekayo iya kuhlalutywa.Iipropati ezibangelwa ukuphuculwa kobunzima, ezifana nokunyuka kwamandla, ukuqina kunye nokuqina, kuya kuphandwa.
Lo msebenzi uphononongo lokuguqulwa kwe-laser kumphezulu we-H13 isixhobo sensimbi usebenzisa i-pulsed laser processing mode.Isicwangciso sokuqala sovavanyo esiqhutywayo sibangele isicwangciso esineenkcukacha eziphuculweyo.Kusetyenziswa i-carbon dioxide (CO2) laser enobude obuyi-10.6 µm.Kwisicwangciso sovavanyo sophononongo, iindawo ze-laser ezinobukhulu obuthathu obuhlukeneyo zisetyenzisiwe: 0.4, 0.2, kunye ne-0.09 mm ububanzi.Ezinye iiparamitha ezilawulekayo ngamandla encopho ye-laser, izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse kunye ne-pulse overlap.Igesi yeArgon kuxinzelelo lwe-0.1 MPa ihlala inceda ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser.Isampulu ye-H13 yenziwe rhabaxa kwaye yafakwa ngokwekhemikhali ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziselwe ukunyusa ukufunxa komphezulu kwi-CO2 laser wavelength.Iisampulu eziphathwe nge-laser zalungiselelwa izifundo ze-metallographic kwaye iimpawu zabo zomzimba kunye nezomatshini zibonakalisiwe.Uphononongo lwe-Metallographic kunye nohlalutyo lokubunjwa kweekhemikhali lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-electron microscopy yokuskena idityaniswe namandla e-X-ray spectrometry.I-Crystallinity kunye nokufunyanwa kwesigaba somphezulu olungisiweyo wenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-XRD kunye ne-Cu Kα radiation kunye ne-wavelength ye-1.54 Å.Iprofayile yomphezulu ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeprofayili yesimbo.Iipropati zobulukhuni beendawo eziguquliweyo zalinganiswa nge-Vickers diamond microindentation.Impembelelo yoburhabaxa bomphezulu kwiipropati zokudinwa kweendawo eziguquliweyo zaphononongwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokudinwa kwe-thermal eyenziwe ngokukodwa.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana iinkozo zomhlaba ezilungisiweyo ezinobungakanani be-ultrafine obungaphantsi kwe-500 nm.Ubunzulu obuphuculweyo bomphezulu kuluhlu lwama-35 ukuya kwi-150 µm lufunyenwe kwiisampuli ze-H13 ezinyangwe ngelaser.I-crystallinity yendawo ye-H13 eguquliweyo iyancipha kakhulu, ehambelana nokusabalalisa okungahleliwe kwe-crystallites emva kokunyangwa kwe-laser.Ubuncinci obulungisiweyo obuphakathi noburhabaxa bomphezulu be-H13 Ra yi-1.9 µm.Olunye ukufumanisa okubalulekileyo kukuba ubunzima bomgangatho we-H13 oguquliweyo ukusuka kwi-728 ukuya kwi-905 HV0.1 kwiisethingi ezahlukeneyo ze-laser.Ubudlelwane phakathi kweziphumo zokulinganisa i-thermal (amazinga okufudumala kunye nokupholisa) kunye neziphumo zobunzima zasekwa ukuze kuqondwe ngakumbi umphumo weeparamitha ze-laser.Ezi ziphumo zibalulekile ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokuqina komhlaba ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kunye neengubo zokukhusela ukushisa.
Iimpawu zempembelelo yeParametric yeebhola ezomeleleyo zezemidlalo kuphuhliso lweecores eziqhelekileyo ze-GAA sliotar
Eyona njongo yolu phononongo kukubonakalisa indlela yokuziphatha eguquguqukayo ye-sliotar core phezu kwempembelelo.Iimpawu ze-viscoelastic zebhola zenziwa kuluhlu lwesantya sempembelelo.Ii-polymer spheres zanamhlanje zinovakalelo kwisantya soxinzelelo, ngelixa ii-multi-component spheres zemveli zixhomekeke kuxinzelelo.Impendulo ye-viscoelastic engabonakaliyo ichazwa ngamaxabiso amabini obunzima: ubunzima bokuqala kunye nobukhulu obukhulu.Iibhola zemveli ziyi-2.5 amaxesha anzima kuneebhola zanamhlanje, kuxhomekeke kwisantya.Isantya esikhawulezayo sokunyuka kokuqina kweebhola eziqhelekileyo sikhokelela kwi-COR engahambelaniyo xa ithelekiswa nesantya xa kuthelekiswa neebhola zanamhlanje.Iziphumo zokuqina okuguquguqukayo zibonisa ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kovavanyo lwe-quasi-static kunye ne-spring theory equations.Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha kwe-spherical deformation lubonisa ukuba ukufuduka kombindi we-gravity kunye ne-diametrical compression ayihambelani kuzo zonke iintlobo zeesphere.Ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo yovavanyo olubanzi, isiphumo seemeko zokwenziwa kokwenziwa kwebhola yaphandwa.Iiparamitha zokuvelisa ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokubunjwa kwezinto zahluka ukuvelisa uluhlu lweebhola.Ubunzima bepolymer buchaphazela ukuqina kodwa kungekhona ukuchithwa kwamandla, ukwandisa ukuqina kwandisa ukuqina kwebhola.Izongezo ze-Nucleating zichaphazela ukusebenza kwakhona kwebhola, ukwanda kwenani lezongezo kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kwakhona kwebhola, kodwa esi siphumo sinovelwano kwibakala lepolymer.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iimodeli ezintathu zemathematika ukulinganisa impendulo yebhola kwimpembelelo.Imodeli yokuqala ibonakalise ukuba ikwazile ukuvelisa kwakhona indlela yokuziphatha kwebhola kuphela kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo, nangona ngaphambili ibisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwezinye iindidi zeebhola.Imodeli yesibini ibonise ukumelwa okufanelekileyo kwempendulo yempembelelo yebhola eyayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zebhola ezivavanyiweyo, kodwa ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kokuchaneka kwempendulo yokufuduswa kwakungekho phezulu njengoko kuya kufuneka kuphunyezo olukhulu.Imodeli yesithathu ibonise ukuchaneka okungcono kakhulu xa ulinganisa impendulo yebhola.Amanani amandla enziwe yimodeli yale modeli ngama-95% ahambelana nedatha yovavanyo.
Lo msebenzi ufezekise iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili.Enye kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-capillary viscometer ephezulu yobushushu, kwaye okwesibini yi-semi-solid metal flow simulation ukuncedisa ekuyilweni kunye nokubonelela ngedatha ngeenjongo zokuthelekisa.I-capillary viscometer yobushushu obuphezulu yakhiwe kwaye isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokuqala.Isixhobo siya kusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-viscosity yentsimbi enzima phantsi kweemeko zokushisa okuphezulu kunye namazinga okucheba afana nalawo asetyenziswa kwishishini.I-capillary viscometer yinkqubo yenqaku enye ekwazi ukubala i-viscosity ngokulinganisa ukuhamba kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kwi-capillary, ekubeni i-viscosity ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuhla koxinzelelo kunye nokulinganisa ngokuphambeneyo ukuhamba.Iikhrayitheriya zoyilo zibandakanya iimfuno zobushushu obulawulwa kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800ºC, amazinga okucheba inaliti ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 s-1, kunye neeprofayili zesitofu ezilawulwayo.Imodeli exhomekeke kwixesha lethiyori enamacala amabini yaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeFLUENT yecomputational fluid dynamics (CFD).Oku kusetyenziselwe ukuvavanya i-viscosity ye-semi-solid metals njengoko bedlula kwi-capillary viscometer eyilwe kwi-injection velocities ye-0.075, 0.5 kunye ne-1 m / s.Isiphumo seqhekeza lezinto eziqinileyo zetsimbi (fs) ukusuka kwi-0.25 ukuya kwi-0.50 nazo zaphandwa.Kwi-equation ye-viscosity ye-power-law esetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa imodeli ye-Fluent, ulungelelwaniso oluqinileyo luye lwaphawulwa phakathi kwezi parameters kunye ne-viscosity ebangelwayo.
Eli phepha liphanda isiphumo separameters zenkqubo ekuvelisweni kweAl-SiC metal matrix composites (MMC) kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ibhetshi.Iiparamitha zenkqubo ezifundiweyo zibandakanya isantya se-stirrer, ixesha le-stirrer, ijometri ye-stirrer, indawo ye-stirrer, ubushushu bolwelo lwesinyithi (i-viscosity).Ukulinganisa okubonakalayo kwenziwa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (25±C), ukulinganisa kwekhompyuter kunye novavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kweMMC Al-SiC.Kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye nekhompyutheni, amanzi kunye ne-glycerin / amanzi asetyenziselwa ukumela i-aluminium engamanzi kunye ne-semi-solid, ngokulandelanayo.Imiphumo ye-viscosities ye-1, i-300, i-500, i-800, kunye ne-1000 mPa kunye namazinga okuvuselela ama-50, i-100, i-150, i-200, i-250, kunye ne-300 rpm yaphandwa.Imiqulu eli-10 kwisiqwenga ngasinye.Iipesenti ze-SiC eziqinisiweyo, ezifana nezo zisetyenziswe kwi-aluminium MMK, zisetyenziswe kwi-visualization kunye neemvavanyo zokubala.Uvavanyo lomfanekiso lwenziwa kwiibeak zeglasi ezicacileyo.Ukulinganisa ukubala kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iFluent (inkqubo yeCFD) kunye nephakheji ye-MixSim ekhethiweyo.Oku kuquka i-2D axisymmetric multiphase ukulinganisa okuxhomekeke kwixesha leendlela zemveliso usebenzisa imodeli ye-Eulerian (granular).Ukuxhomekeka kwexesha le-particle dispersion, ixesha lokumisa kunye nokuphakama kwe-vortex kwi-geometry yokuxuba kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwe-stirrer kusungulwe.Kwi-stirrer ene °at paddles, i-engile ye-paddle ye-60 degrees ifunyenwe ifaneleke ngcono ukufumana ngokukhawuleza ukusasazwa okufanayo kwamaqhekeza.Ngenxa yolu vavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuze kufumaneke ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kweSiC, isantya esishukumisayo sasiyi-150 rpm kwinkqubo yamanzi-SiC kunye ne-300 rpm ye-glycerol / water-SiC system.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukunyusa i-viscosity ukusuka kwi-1 mPa·s (yentsimbi engamanzi) ukuya kwi-300 mPa·s (yentsimbi eyomeleleyo eqinileyo) kunempembelelo enkulu kukusasazwa kunye nexesha lokubekwa kweSiC.Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka okungaphezulu ukusuka kwi-300 mPa·s ukuya kwi-1000 mPa·s kunesiphumo esincinci ngeli xesha.Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo msebenzi ibandakanya ukuyila, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa komatshini ozinikeleyo wokuqina wokuqina kule ndlela yonyango lobushushu obuphezulu.Umatshini uqukethe i-stirrer enamacangca amane acwebileyo kwi-angle ye-degrees ezingama-60 kunye ne-crucible kwigumbi lomlilo elinokufudumala okuxhathisayo.Ufakelo lubandakanya i-actuator ecima ngokukhawuleza umxube owenziweyo.Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo ze-Al-SiC.Ngokubanzi, isivumelwano esihle sifunyenwe phakathi kokubonwayo, ukubala kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lovavanyo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobuchule bokuchwetheza obukhawulezileyo (RP) obuphuhliselwe ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo omkhulu ikakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Iinkqubo zeprototyping ezikhawulezayo ezifumaneka ngokurhweba namhlanje zisebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa iphepha, iwax, iiresin zokunyanga ukukhanya, iipolima, kunye nomgubo wentsimbi.Le projekthi yayiquka indlela yokulinganisa ngokukhawuleza, i-Fused Deposition Modeling, okokuqala kuthengiswa ngo-1991. Kulo msebenzi, inguqu entsha yenkqubo yokumisela imodeli ngokujonga phezulu usebenzisa i-wax yaphuhliswa kwaye yasetyenziswa.Le projekthi ichaza uyilo olusisiseko lwenkqubo kunye nendlela yokubeka i-wax.Oomatshini be-FDM benza iinxalenye ngokukhuphela imathiriyeli esemi-etyhidiweyo eqongeni ngokwepateni emiselweyo ngemilomo eshushu.I-nozzle ye-extrusion ifakwe kwitafile ye-XY elawulwa yinkqubo yekhompyutha.Ngokudibanisa nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwesixhobo se-plunger kunye nesikhundla somgcini-mali, iimodeli ezichanekileyo ziveliswa.Iileya enye yewax ibekwe phezu komnye ukwenza izinto ze-2D kunye ne-3D.Iipropati ze-wax ziye zahlalutywa ukuze kulungiswe inkqubo yokuvelisa imodeli.Ezi ziquka ubushushu benguqu yesigaba se-wax, i-viscosity ye-wax, kunye nokumila kwe-wax drop ngexesha lokucubungula.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, amaqela ophando kwiDyunivesithi yeSixeko saseDublin iCandelo leSayensi yeQela liphuhlise iinkqubo ezimbini ze-laser micromachining ezinokuthi zenze iziteshi kunye ne-voxels kunye nesisombululo se-micron-scale reproducible.Ingqwalasela yalo msebenzi kukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokuhlukanisa i-biomolecules ekujoliswe kuyo.Umsebenzi wokuqala ubonisa ukuba i-morphologies entsha yokuxuba i-capillary kunye nemijelo yangaphezulu inokudalwa ukuphucula amandla okuhlukana.Lo msebenzi uya kugxila ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ezikhoyo ze-micromachining ukuyila iijometri zomphezulu kunye nemijelo eya kubonelela ngokwahlukana okuphuculweyo kunye nokubonakaliswa kweenkqubo zebhayoloji.Ukusetyenziswa kwezi sistim kuya kulandela indlela elebhu-on-a-chip ngeenjongo zokuxilonga.Izixhobo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa obu buchwepheshe buphuhlisiwe ziya kusetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri zeprojekthi zemicrofluidic.Injongo yeprojekthi kukusebenzisa uyilo lokulinga, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nobuchule bokulinganisa ukubonelela ngobudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kweeparitha zokucwangcisa i-laser kunye neempawu ze-micro- kunye ne-nanoscale channel, kunye nokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukuphucula iziteshi zokuhlukana kwezi microtechnologies.Iziphumo ezithile zomsebenzi zibandakanya: uyilo lwetshaneli kunye ne-morphology yomhlaba ukuphucula isayensi yokwahlula;izigaba ze-monolithic zokupompa kunye nokukhutshwa kwiichips ezidibeneyo;ukwahlukana kwee-biomolecules ezikhethiweyo kunye nezicatshulwa ezijoliswe kuzo kwiichips ezidibeneyo.
Ukuveliswa kunye nokulawulwa kweemitha zobushushu bexeshana kunye neeprofayili zobude kunye neekholamu ze-capillary ze-LC zisebenzisa i-Peltier arrays kunye ne-infrared thermography.
Iqonga elitsha loqhagamshelwano oluchanekileyo lolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu beekholamu ze-capillary luye lwaphuhliswa ngokusekwe ekusetyenzisweni kweeseli zePeltier ezicwangcisiweyo ezicwangcisiweyo ezilawulwa ngabanye.Iqonga libonelela ngokulawula ubushushu obukhawulezayo kwikholamu ze-capillary kunye ne-micro LC kwaye ivumela ukucwangciswa kwangaxeshanye kwamaqondo obushushu bexeshana kunye nendawo.Iqonga lisebenza kwiqondo lokushisa kwi-15 ukuya kwi-200 ° C kunye nesantya se-ramp malunga ne-400 ° C / min nganye yeeseli ze-Peltier ezili-10 ezihambelanayo.Inkqubo iye yavavanywa kwiindlela ezininzi zokulinganisa i-capillary-based based based measurement modes, ezifana nokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwee-gradients zeqondo lokushisa kunye neeprofayili ezinomgca kunye nezingahambelaniyo, kubandakanywa i-static column yeqondo lokushisa kunye ne-temporal gradients, i-gradient elawulwa ngubushushu obuchanekileyo, i-polymerized capillary monolithic. izigaba ezimileyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwezigaba ze-monolithic kwiitshaneli ze-microfluidic (kwi-chip).Isixhobo sinokusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo kunye nekholamu yechromatography.
I-Electrohydrodynamic igxininise kwisixhobo se-microfluidic esine-dimensional-dimensional-dimensional preconcentration yabahlalutyi abancinci.
Lo msebenzi uquka ugxininiso lwe-electrohydrodynamic (EHDF) kunye nokudluliselwa kwefoton ekuncedeni uphuhliso lwangaphambili kunye nokuchongwa kweentlobo.I-EHDF yindlela yokugxila elungelelanisiweyo ye-ion esekwe ekusekeni ibhalansi phakathi kwe-hydrodynamic kunye namandla ombane, apho iiyoni zomdla ziye zimile.Olu phononongo lubonisa indlela yenoveli esebenzisa i-2D evulekileyo ye-2D yesixhobo esicwangcisiweyo se-microfluidic isixhobo endaweni yenkqubo yesiqhelo ye-microchannel.Ezo zixhobo zinokujolisa kwangaphambili isixa esikhulu sezinto kwaye kulula ukuzenzela.Olu phononongo lubonisa iziphumo zokulinganisa okusanda kuphuhliswa usebenzisa i-COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a.Iziphumo zale mifuziselo zithelekiswe neziphumo zovavanyo ukuvavanya iijometri eziqukuqelayo ezichongiweyo kunye neendawo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Imodeli ye-microfluidic ephuhlisiweyo yamanani yathelekiswa nemifuniselo epapashwe ngaphambili kwaye iziphumo bezingqinelana kakhulu.Ngokusekwe kwezi zifaniso, kwaphandwa uhlobo olutsha lwenqanawa ukunika iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-EHDF.Iziphumo zovavanyo zisebenzisa itshiphu zigqwese ukusebenza komfuziselo.Kwiichips ezenziweyo ze-microfluidic, imowudi entsha yabonwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-EGDP esecaleni, xa into ephantsi kophononongo yayigxile ngokuthe ngqo kumbane osetyenzisiweyo.Ngenxa yokuba ukuchongwa kunye nemifanekiso yimiba ephambili yolo phuhliso lwangaphambili kunye neenkqubo zokuchongwa kweentlobo.Iimodeli zamanani kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lokusasazwa kokukhanya kunye nokusabalalisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kwiinkqubo ze-microfluidic ezimbini-dimensional zibonisiwe.Imodeli yamanani ephuhlisiwe yosasazo lokukhanya yaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo ngokomfuniselo kokubini ngokwendlela yokwenyani yokukhanya kwinkqubo kunye nangokwemigaqo yosasazo olunzulu, olunike iziphumo ezinokuba nomdla wokuphucula iinkqubo zephotopolymerization, kunye neenkqubo zokubona ukukhanya. usebenzisa i-capillaries..
Ngokuxhomekeke kwijometri, i-microstructures ingasetyenziswa kwii-telecommunications, i-microfluidics, i-microsensors, ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukusika iglasi, kunye nokumakishwa kokuhlobisa.Kulo msebenzi, ubudlelwane phakathi kwezicwangciso zeeparameters ze-Nd: YVO4 kunye ne-CO2 inkqubo ye-laser kunye nobukhulu kunye ne-morphology ye-microstructures yaphandwa.Iiparamitha ezifundwayo zenkqubo ye-laser ziquka amandla P, izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-PRF, inani le-pulses N kunye ne-scan rate U. Umlinganiselo wemveliso olinganisiweyo uquka i-voxel diameters ezilinganayo kunye nobubanzi be-microchannel, ubunzulu kunye noburhabaxa bomhlaba.Inkqubo ye-micromachining ye-3D yaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa i-Nd: YVO4 laser (2.5 W, 1.604 µm, 80 ns) ukwenza i-microstructures ngaphakathi kweesampuli ze-polycarbonate.I-Microstructural voxels inobubanzi obuyi-48 ukuya kwi-181 µm.Inkqubo ikwabonelela ngogqaliselo oluchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa iinjongo zemakroskopu ukwenza iivoxels ezincinci kuluhlu lwe-5 ukuya kwi-10 µm kwiglasi ye-soda-lime, isilica edibeneyo kunye neesampulu zesafire.Ilaser ye-CO2 (1.5 kW, 10.6 µm, ubuncinane bexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo engama-26 µs) yasetyenziswa ukwenza i-microchannels kwiisampulu zeglasi yesoda-lime.Ubume obunqamlezileyo bemijelo emincinci yahluka ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-v-grooves, i-u-grooves, kunye neendawo zokukhuphela ezingaphezulu.Ubukhulu be-microchannels nabo bohluka kakhulu: ukusuka kwi-81 ukuya kwi-365 µm ububanzi, ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-379 µm ubunzulu, kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-13 µm, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlohlo.Ubungakanani beMicrochannel bavavanywa ngokweeparamitha zokusetyenzwa kwelaser kusetyenziswa indlela yokuphendula yendawo yokuphendula (RSM) kunye noyilo lweemvavanyo (DOE).Iziphumo eziqokelelweyo zisetyenziselwe ukufunda umphumo weeparamitha zenkqubo kwi-volumetric and mass ablation rate.Ukongeza, inkqubo yemathematika ye-thermal imodeli iphuhlisiwe ukunceda ukuqonda inkqubo kunye nokuvumela i-topology yeshaneli ukuba iqikelelwe ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwenyani.
Ishishini le-metrology lihlala likhangela iindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawulezileyo kunye nokwenza i-digitize i-topography yomphezulu, kubandakanywa ukubala iiparamitha zobunzima bomphezulu kunye nokudala amafu amanqanaba (iiseti zamanqaku amathathu-ntathu achaza umphezulu omnye okanye ngaphezulu) ukwenza imodeli okanye ukubuyisela umva ubunjineli.iinkqubo zikhona, kunye neenkqubo zokukhanya zikhule ngokuthandwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa uninzi lweeprofayile zamehlo ziyabiza ukuzithenga nokuzigcina.Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesistim, iiprofayili ze-optical zinokuba nzima ukuyila kwaye ubuthathaka babo busenokungafanelanga uninzi lweevenkile okanye izicelo zefektri.Le projekthi iquka uphuhliso lweprofayili usebenzisa imigaqo ye-optical triangulation.Inkqubo ephuhlisiweyo inendawo yetafile yokuskena ye-200 x 120 mm kunye noluhlu lokulinganisa oluthe nkqo lwe-5 mm.Isikhundla se-laser sensor ngaphezu kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo iphinda ilungelelaniswe nge-15 mm.Inkqubo yolawulo yaphuhliswa ukuskena ngokuzenzekelayo iindawo ezikhethiweyo zabasebenzisi kunye neendawo eziphezulu.Le nkqubo intsha iphawulwa ngokuchaneka komda.Umlinganiselo wempazamo enkulu yecosine yesixokelelwano ngu-0.07 °.Ukuchaneka okuguquguqukayo kwenkqubo kulinganiswa kwi-2 µm kwi-axis engu-Z (ubude) kwaye malunga ne-10 µm kwi-X kunye ne-Y.Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo phakathi kwamalungu askeniweyo (iingqekembe, izikrufu, iiwasha kunye nefiber lens iyafa) yayilungile.Uvavanyo lwenkqubo luya kuxoxwa kwakhona, kubandakanywa ukulinganiselwa kweprofayili kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo kunokwenzeka.
Injongo yale projekthi kukuphuhlisa kunye nokubonakalisa inkqubo entsha ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-optical high-speed yokuhlola iziphene zomhlaba.Inkqubo yokulawula isekelwe kumgaqo we-optical triangulation kwaye inika indlela yokungadibanisi yokumisela iphrofayili ye-dimensional ye-diffuse surfaces.Amacandelo aphambili enkqubo yophuhliso ibandakanya i-laser diode, ikhamera yeCCf15 CMOS, kunye neenjini ezimbini ze-servo ezilawulwa yi-PC.Intshukumo yesampulu, ukuthathwa komfanekiso, kunye neprofayili yomphezulu we-3D zicwangciswe kwisoftware yeLabView.Ukujonga idatha efakiweyo kunokuququzelelwa ngokudala inkqubo yonikezelo lwenyani ye-3D eskeniweyo umphezulu kunye nokubala iiparamitha zoburhabaxa bomphezulu obufunekayo.Iinjini ze-Servo zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa isampuli kwiindlela ze-X kunye ne-Y ngesisombululo se-0.05 µm.Iprofayile ephuhlisiweyo engaqhagamshelwanga kwi-intanethi inokwenza ukuskena ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlolwa okuphezulu komphezulu.Inkqubo ephuhlisiweyo isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ukwenza iiprofayili zomphezulu we-2D ezizenzekelayo, iiprofayili zomphezulu we-3D kunye nemilinganiselo yoburhabaxa kumphezulu wezinto ezahlukeneyo zesampulu.Isixhobo sokuhlola esizenzekelayo sinendawo yokuskena ye-XY ye-12 x 12 mm.Ukubonakalisa kunye nokulinganisa inkqubo yeprofayili ephuhlisiweyo, iprofayili yomphezulu elinganiswe yinkqubo yathelekiswa nomphezulu ofanayo olinganisiweyo kusetyenziswa i-microscope ebonakalayo, i-binocular microscope, i-AFM kunye ne-Mitutoyo Surftest-402.
Iimfuno zomgangatho weemveliso kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kuzo ziya ziba nzima ngakumbi.Isisombululo kwiingxaki ezininzi zokuqinisekiswa komgangatho wokubonwayo (QA) kukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuhlola umphezulu wexesha langempela.Oku kufuna umgangatho wemveliso ofanayo kwi-output ephezulu.Ke ngoko, iinkqubo ziyafuneka eziyi-100% ezikwaziyo ukuvavanya izixhobo kunye nemiphezulu ngexesha lokwenyani.Ukufezekisa le njongo, ukudibanisa iteknoloji ye-laser kunye neteknoloji yokulawula ikhompyutha inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo.Kulo msebenzi, inkqubo yokuskena i-laser ekhawulezayo, enexabiso eliphantsi, kunye neyokungaqhagamshelwana nayo iye yaphuhliswa.Inkqubo iyakwazi ukulinganisa ubukhulu bezinto eziqinileyo ze-opaque usebenzisa umgaqo we-laser optical triangulation.Inkqubo ephuhlisiwe iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwemilinganiselo kwinqanaba le-micrometer.
Injongo yale projekthi kukuyila kunye nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuhlola i-laser ukuze kubonwe isiphene somphezulu kunye nokuvavanya amandla ayo okusebenzisa isantya esiphezulu se-inline.Amacandelo aphambili enkqubo yokufumanisa yimodyuli ye-laser diode njengomthombo wokukhanya, ikhamera ye-CMOS yokufikelela ngokungahleliwe njengeyunithi yokufumanisa, kunye nenqanaba lokuguqulela le-XYZ.I-algorithms yokuhlalutya idatha efunyenwe ngokuskena imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo yesampulu yaphuhliswa.Inkqubo yokulawula isekelwe kumgaqo we-optical triangulation.I-laser beam isiganeko esicacileyo kumgangatho wesampuli.Umahluko kubude bomphezulu ke ngoko uthathwa njengentshukumo ethe tyaba yendawo yelaser phezu komphezulu wesampulu.Oku kuvumela imilinganiselo yobude ukuba ithathwe kusetyenziswa indlela yonxantathu.Inkqubo yokufumanisa ephuhlisiwe iqala ukulinganisa ukufumana into yokuguqulwa eya kubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokufuduka kwendawo elinganiswe yinzwa kunye nokuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwendawo.Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zesampulu: ubhedu, i-aluminium kunye nensimbi engenasici.Inkqubo ephuhlisiwe iyakwazi ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo imephu yendawo ye-3D yeziphene ezenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza.Isisombululo sesithuba esimalunga nama-70 µm kunye nobunzulu besisombululo se-60 µm siphunyeziwe.Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwakhona kuqinisekiswa ngokulinganisa ukuchaneka kwemigama elinganisiweyo.
Iinkqubo zokuskena ze-laser ze-high-speed fiber zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezizenzekelayo zokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso ukuze kubonwe iziphene ezikumphezulu.Iindlela ezingakumbi zale mihla zokubona iziphene kumphezulu zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweefiber zamehlo zokukhanyisa kunye nokufunyanwa kwecandelo.Le dissertation ibandakanya uyilo kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo entsha yesantya esiphezulu se-optoelectronic.Kweli phepha, imithombo emibini yee-LED, ii-LED (ii-light emitting diodes) kunye ne-laser diodes, ziphandwa.Uluhlu lwee-diode ezintlanu ezikhuphayo kunye neefotodiode ezintlanu ezifumanayo zibekwe ecaleni kwenye.Ingqokelela yedatha ilawulwa kwaye ihlalutywe yiPC usebenzisa isoftware yeLabVIEW.Inkqubo isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imilinganiselo yeziphene zomhlaba ezifana nemingxuma (1 mm), imingxuma eyimfama (2 mm) kunye neenotshi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ngelixa inkqubo yenzelwe ukuskena i-2D, inokuphinda isebenze njengenkqubo ye-imaging ye-3D encinci.Inkqubo kwakhona yabonisa ukuba zonke izinto zetsimbi ezifundiweyo zazikwazi ukubonakalisa iimpawu ze-infrared.Indlela esanda kuphuhliswa isebenzisa uluhlu lweentsinga ezithambekileyo ivumela inkqubo ukuba ifikelele kwisisombululo esilungelelanisiweyo kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu senkqubo malunga ne-100 µm (ukuqokelela i-fiber diameter).Inkqubo isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ukulinganisa iprofayili yomphezulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, ubukhulu kunye nokubonakala kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.I-aluminium, insimbi engenasici, ubhedu, ubhedu, i-tuffnol kunye ne-polycarbonate inokuvavanywa kunye nale nkqubo.Iingenelo zale nkqubo intsha kukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci, isisombululo esiphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka.
Yila, wakhe kwaye uvavanye iinkqubo ezintsha zokudibanisa kunye nokusasaza itekhnoloji entsha yovavanyo lokusingqongileyo.Ilungele ngakumbi izicelo zokubeka iliso kwintsholongwane yelindle
Ukulungiswa koLwakhiwo lweMicro-Nano yeePaneli zeSolar PV zeSilicon ukuze kuphuculwe ukubonelelwa kwamandla
Omnye wemicelimngeni emikhulu yobunjineli ejongene noluntu lwehlabathi namhlanje kubonelelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo.Lixesha lokuba uluntu luqale ukuthembela ngamandla kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.Ilanga linika umhlaba amandla asimahla, kodwa iindlela zale mihla zokusebenzisa la mandla njengombane zinemida ethile.Kwimeko yeeseli ze-photovoltaic, ingxaki ephambili kukungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kokuqokelela amandla elanga.I-Laser micromachining iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-photovoltaic layers esebenzayo efana ne-glass substrates, i-silicon e-hydrogenated, kunye ne-zinc oxide layers.Kukwayaziwa ukuba amandla amaninzi anokufunyanwa ngokunyusa indawo ephezulu yeseli yelanga, umzekelo nge-micromachining.Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba iinkcukacha zeprofayili ye-nanoscale zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokufakwa kwamandla kweeseli zelanga.Injongo yeli phepha kukuphanda izibonelelo zokulungelelanisa i-micro-, nano- kunye ne-mesoscale izakhiwo zeseli zelanga ukubonelela ngamandla aphezulu.Ukwahluka kweeparamitha zetekhnoloji yezo zakhiwo ezincinci kunye ne-nanostructures kuya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufunda ifuthe labo kwi-topology topology.Iiseli ziya kuvavanyelwa amandla eziwavelisayo xa zisesichengeni sovavanyo lokukhanya kombane.Ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo buya kusekwa phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kweeseli kunye nokuthungwa komhlaba.
Ii-Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) zikhawuleza ukuba ngabagqatswa abaphambili kwindima yemathiriyeli yolwakhiwo kubunjineli kunye ne-electronics.I-Aluminium (Al) kunye nobhedu (Cu) yaqiniswa kunye ne-SiC ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezibalaseleyo ze-thermal (umz. i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi (i-CTE), i-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal) kunye neempawu eziphuculweyo zomatshini (umz. amandla athile aphezulu, ukusebenza okungcono).Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo okumelana nokunxiba kunye nemodyuli ethile.Kutshanje, ezi MMCs zeceramic eziphezulu ziye zaba yenye intsingiselo yezicelo zolawulo lobushushu kwiipakethe zombane.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiipakethi zesixhobo samandla, i-aluminium (Al) okanye ithusi (Cu) isetyenziswe njenge-heatsink okanye iplate yesiseko ukuxhuma kwi-substrate ye-ceramic ephethe i-chip kunye nesakhiwo sephini elihambelanayo.Umahluko omkhulu kwi-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (CTE) phakathi kwe-ceramic kunye ne-aluminium okanye ubhedu alunamsebenzi ngenxa yokuba kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwepakethi kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani be-ceramic substrate enokuthi ifakwe kwi-substrate.
Ngenxa yolu kusilela, ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphuhliswe, kuphandwe kwaye kubonakaliswe izixhobo ezitsha ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezisekiweyo zezinto eziphuculweyo eziphuculweyo.Ngokuphuculwa kwe-thermal conductivity kunye ne-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) iipropati, i-MMC CuSiC kunye ne-AlSiC ngoku zizisombululo ezisebenzayo zokupakishwa kwe-elektroniki.Lo msebenzi uya kuvavanya iimpawu ezizodwa ze-thermophysical zezi MMCs kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okunokwenzeka kulawulo olushushu lweepakethe zombane.
Iinkampani ze-oyile zifumana ukuthotywa okubalulekileyo kwindawo ye-welding ye-oyile kunye ne-gas industry systems eyenziwe ngekhabhoni kunye neentsimbi eziphantsi.Kwiindawo eziqulethe i-CO2, umonakalo we-corrosion udla ngokubangelwa yiyantlukwano kumandla eefilimu ezikhuselayo ze-corrosion ezifakwe kwii-microstructures ze-carbon steel microstructures.I-corrosion yendawo kwi-weld metal (WM) kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa (HAZ) ikakhulu ngenxa yemiphumo ye-galvanic ngenxa yokungafani kokubunjwa kwe-alloy kunye ne-microstructure.Isiseko sesinyithi (PM), i-WM, kunye neempawu ze-HAZ ze-microstructural zaphandwa ukuze kuqondwe isiphumo se-microstructure ekuziphatheni kokubola kwamalungu entsimbi ethambileyo.Iimvavanyo ze-Corrosion zenziwa kwi-3.5% yesisombululo se-NaCl egcwele i-CO2 phantsi kweemeko ze-deoxygenated kubushushu begumbi (20±2 °C) kunye ne-pH 4.0±0.3.Ubume bokuziphatha komhlwa kwaqhutywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ze-electrochemical zokumisela amandla esekethe evulekileyo, ukuskena kwe-potentiodynamic kunye nokumelana nomgca wepolarization, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-metallographic ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa imakroskopu yamehlo.Izigaba eziphambili ze-morphological zichongiwe ziyi-acicular ferrite, i-austenite egciniweyo, kunye nesakhiwo se-martensitic-bainitic kwi-WM.Azixhaphakanga kwi-HAZ.Ukuziphatha okuphawulekayo okuhlukeneyo kwe-electrochemical kunye namazinga okubola afunyenwe kwi-PM, VM kunye ne-HAZ.
Umsebenzi oqukwa yile projekthi ujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kombane kwiimpompo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.Iimfuno kwishishini lokupompoza ukuhamba kweli cala ziye zanda kutshanje ngokusungulwa komthetho omtsha we-EU odinga ukuba ishishini lilonke lifezekise amanqanaba amatsha kunye aphezulu okusebenza.Eli phepha lihlalutya ukusetyenziswa kwejacket yokupholisa ukupholisa indawo ye-solenoid yepompo kwaye iphakamisa ukuphuculwa koyilo.Ngokukodwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu kwiibhatyi zokupholisa iimpompo zokusebenza zibonakaliswe.Ukuphuculwa koyilo lwejacket kuya kubonelela ngokugqithiselwa kobushushu obungcono kwindawo yempompo yemoto okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kwempompo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukutsalwa.Kulo msebenzi, inkqubo yovavanyo lwempompo exhonywe emngxuma owomileyo yongezwa kwitanki ekhoyo yovavanyo eyi-250 m3.Oku kuvumela ukulandelela ikhamera ye-high-speed ye-flow field kunye nomfanekiso we-thermal we-casing yepompo.Intsimi yokuqukuqela eqinisekiswe luhlalutyo lweCFD ivumela uvavanyo, uvavanyo kunye nothelekiso lolunye uyilo lokugcina amaqondo obushushu okusebenza asezantsi kangangoko.Uyilo lwantlandlolo lwempompo yepali ye-M60-4 imelana nobushushu obuphezulu bempompo yangaphandle ye-45°C kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-stator be-90°C.Uhlalutyo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lubonisa ukuba loluphi uyilo oluluncedo ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nekufuneka ingasetyenziswa.Ngokukodwa, uyilo lwekhoyili yokupholisa edibeneyo ayinakho ukuphuculwa koyilo lwangaphambili.Ukwandisa inani le-impeller blades ukusuka kwisine ukuya kwisibhozo kunciphisa ubushushu bokusebenza obulinganiswe kwi-casing nge-degrees Celsius.
Ukudityaniswa koxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye nexesha elincitshisiweyo lokuvezwa kwiprosesa yesinyithi kubangela utshintsho kwi-microstructure yomhlaba.Ukufumana indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yeeparamitha zenkqubo ye-laser kunye nesantya sokupholisa kubalulekile ekutshintsheni ukwakhiwa kweenkozo kunye nokuphucula iimpawu ze-tribological kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo.Eyona njongo iphambili yolu phononongo ibikukuphanda isiphumo sokucutshungulwa kwelaser ekhawulezileyo kwiipropathi ze-tribological ze-metallic biomaterials ezifumaneka kurhwebo.Lo msebenzi unikezelwe kwi-laser surface modification of steel stainless AISI 316L kunye ne-Ti-6Al-4V.I-laser ye-1.5 kW pulsed CO2 laser yayisetyenziselwa ukufunda impembelelo yeeparamitha ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yelaser kunye nesiphumo se-microstructure yomhlaba kunye ne-morphology.Kusetyenziswa isampulu yecylindrical ejikelezisiweyo ngeperpendicular kwicala le-laser radiation, intensity ye-laser radiation, ixesha lokuvezwa, uxinano lwe-flux yamandla, kunye nobubanzi be-pulse yatshintshwa.Umlingiswa wenziwa kusetyenziswa i-SEM, i-EDX, imilinganiselo yokulinganisa iinaliti kunye nohlalutyo lwe-XRD.Imodeli yokuqikelela ubushushu bomphezulu nayo yaphunyezwa ukuseta iiparamitha zokuqala zenkqubo yovavanyo.Inkqubo yokwenza imephu yaye yenziwa ukumisela inani leeparamitha ezithile zonyango lwe-laser kumphezulu wentsimbi etyhidiweyo.Kukho unxulumano olomeleleyo phakathi kokukhanya, ixesha lokuvezwa, ubunzulu bokucubungula kunye noburhabaxa besampulu esetyenziweyo.Ubunzulu obunyukileyo kunye noburhabaxa beenguquko ze-microstructural zayanyaniswa namanqanaba aphezulu okuvezwa kunye namaxesha esichengeni.Ngokuhlalutya uburhabaxa nobunzulu bendawo ephathwayo, ukutyibilika kwamandla kunye neemodeli zobushushu bomphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela iqondo lokunyibilika eliya kwenzeka kumphezulu.Njengoko ixesha lokusebenzisana lomqadi welaser lisanda, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bentsimbi buyanda kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ofundo lwepulse amandla.Ngelixa isakhiwo somphezulu sibonwa ukugcina ukulungelelaniswa okuqhelekileyo kweekristali, utshintsho kwi-grain orientation orientation lwabonwa kwiindawo eziphathwa nge-laser.
Uhlalutyo kunye nophawu lokuziphatha koxinzelelo lwezicubu kunye neziphumo zalo kuyilo lwesikafula
Kule projekthi, iijiyometri ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zescaffold zaphuhliswa kwaye kwenziwa uhlalutyo lwezinto ezinomda ukuze kuqondwe iimpawu zoomatshini bolwakhiwo lwamathambo, indima yabo kuphuhliso lwethishu, kunye nokusasazwa okukhulu koxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwisikafula.I-Computed tomography (CT) i-scans ye-trabecular bone samples yaqokelelwa ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ze-scaffold ezenziwe nge-CAD.Olu luyilo lukuvumela ukuba udale kwaye uvavanye iiprototypes, kunye nokwenza i-FEM yolu yilo.Imilinganiselo yomatshini we-microdeformations yenziwa kwi-scaffolds eyenziwe kunye neesampuli ze-trabecular zethambo lentloko ye-femoral kwaye ezi ziphumo zifaniswa nezo zifunyenwe yi-FEA kwizakhiwo ezifanayo.Kukholelwa ukuba iimpawu zomatshini zixhomekeke kwimilo yepore eyiliweyo (isakhiwo), ubukhulu bepore (120, 340 kunye ne-600 µm) kunye neemeko zokulayisha (kunye okanye ngaphandle kweebhloko zokulayisha).Utshintsho kule parameters luphandwe kwisikhokelo esinemingxuma esiyi-8 mm3, 22.7 mm3 kunye ne-1000 mm3 ukuze kufundwe ngokubanzi isiphumo sazo ekusasazeni uxinzelelo.Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa zibonisa ukuba i-geometric design yesakhiwo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni uxinzelelo, kwaye igxininise amandla amakhulu oyilo lwesakhelo sokuphucula ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo.Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani bepore bubaluleke ngakumbi kunenqanaba le-porosity ekumiseleni inqanaba loxinzelelo olukhulu.Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba le-porosity likwabalulekile ekumiseleni i-osteoconductivity yezakhiwo ze-scaffold.Njengoko inqanaba le-porosity linyuka ukusuka kwi-30% ukuya kwi-70%, ixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo linyuka kakhulu kubukhulu obufanayo bepore.
Ubungakanani bepore yesikafula bubalulekile kwindlela yokwenza.Zonke iindlela zanamhlanje zeprototyping ekhawulezayo zinemida ethile.Ngelixa uyilo oluqhelekileyo lusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, uyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye noluncinci luhlala lungenakwenzeka.Uninzi lwezi teknoloji ngoku ngegama azikwazi ukuvelisa ngokuzinzileyo iipores ezingaphantsi kwama-500 µm.Ke, iziphumo ezinobungakanani bepore ye-600 µm kulo msebenzi zezona zifanelekileyo kubuchule bemveliso yetekhnoloji yangoku yokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza.Isakhiwo se-hexagonal esinikezelweyo, nangona siqwalaselwa kuphela kwicala elinye, siya kuba sesona sakhiwo se-anisotropic xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ezisekelwe kwityhubhu kunye nonxantathu.Izakhiwo zeCubic kunye ne-triangular ziyi-isotropic xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ze-hexagonal.I-Anisotropy ibalulekile xa kuqwalaselwa i-osteoconductivity ye-scaffold eyilwe.Ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo kunye nendawo yokuvula ichaphazela inkqubo yokulungiswa kwakhona, kwaye iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokulayisha zingatshintsha ixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo kunye nendawo yalo.Isalathiso esiphambili sokulayisha kufuneka sikhuthaze ubungakanani bepore kunye nokusabalalisa ukuvumela iiseli ukuba zikhule zibe ngama-pores amakhulu kwaye zinike izondlo kunye nezinto zokwakha.Esinye isiphelo esinomdla salo msebenzi, ngokuphonononga ukusasazwa koxinzelelo kwicandelo lomnqamlezo weentsika, kukuba amanani aphezulu oxinzelelo arekhodwa kumphezulu weentsika xa kuthelekiswa neziko.Kulo msebenzi, kwaboniswa ukuba ubukhulu be-pore, inqanaba le-porosity, kunye nendlela yokulayisha ihambelana ngokusondeleyo kumanqanaba oxinzelelo olufunyenwe kwisakhiwo.Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukudala izakhiwo ze-strut apho amanqanaba oxinzelelo kumphezulu we-strut anokwahluka ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, elinokukhuthaza ukudibanisa kweeseli kunye nokukhula.
I-Synthetic bone substitute scaffolds inika ithuba lokulungisa iipropathi zomntu ngamnye, ukoyisa ukufumaneka komnikezeli okulinganiselweyo, kunye nokuphucula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-osseo.Ubunjineli bamathambo bujolise ekujonganeni nale miba ngokubonelela ngegrafti ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokubonelelwa ngobuninzi.Kwezi zicelo, zombini i-geometry ye-scaffold yangaphakathi nangaphandle ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoko inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiipropati ze-mechanical, permeability, kunye nokwanda kweeseli.Itekhnoloji ye-prototyping ekhawulezayo ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingekho mgangathweni kunye nejometri enikeziweyo kunye nephuculweyo, eyenziwe ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.Eli phepha liphonononga isakhono sobugcisa boshicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo zescaffolds zamathambo kusetyenziswa imathiriyeli ye-calcium phosphate ye-biocompatible.Uphononongo lwangaphambili lwemathiriyeli yobunini lubonisa ukuba indlela yokuziphatha komatshini eqikelelweyo inokufezekiswa.Imilinganiselo eyiyo yeepropathi ezikhokelayo zoomatshini kwiisampulu ezenziweyo zibonise iintsingiselo ezifanayo njengeziphumo zohlalutyo lwezinto ezinokuphela (FEM).Lo msebenzi ukwabonisa ukuba nokwenzeka koshicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza izikafu zobunjineli bejiyometri yezicubu ukusuka kwisamente ye-calcium phosphate ye-biocompatible.Izikhokelo zenziwa ngokuprintwa ngesisombululo esimanzi se-disodium hydrogen phosphate kwi-powder layer equka umxube we-homogeneous we-calcium hydrogen phosphate kunye ne-calcium hydroxide.Ukusabela kwekhemikhali emanzi kwenzeka kumgubo weprinta ye-3D.Iisampulu eziqinileyo zenziwa ukulinganisa iimpawu zomatshini woxinzelelo lwevolumetric yesamente eyenziwe ngecalcium phosphate (CPC).Amalungu avelisiweyo abe nemodyuli ephakathi ye-elasticity ye-3.59 MPa kunye ne-avareji yoxinzelelo lwe-0.147 MPa.I-Sintering ikhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu kweempawu zoxinzelelo (E = 9.15 MPa, σt = 0.483 MPa), kodwa kunciphisa indawo ethile yendawo yezinto.Njengomphumo we-sintering, i-calcium phosphate cement ibola kwi-β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) kunye ne-hydroxyapatite (HA), eqinisekiswa yidatha ye-thermogravimetric kunye nohlalutyo oluhlukeneyo lwe-thermal (TGA / DTA) kunye nohlalutyo lwe-X-ray diffraction ( XRD).iipropathi azanelanga ukufakwa okulayishwe kakhulu, apho amandla afunekayo avela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-150 MPa, kwaye ukuqina koxinzelelo kudlula i-MPa eyi-10.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili emva kokulungiswa, okufana nokungeniswa ngeepolymers ze-biodegradable, kungenza ezi zakhiwo zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-stent.
Injongo: Uphando kubuchwephesha bomhlaba lubonise ukuba ukungcangcazela okufakwe kwi-aggregates kubangela ulungelelwaniso lwamasuntswana olunempumelelo ngakumbi kunye nokuncipha kwamandla afunekayo ukusebenza kumdibaniso.Injongo yethu yayikukuphuhlisa indlela yempembelelo ye-vibration kwinkqubo ye-bone impaction kunye nokuvavanya umphumo wayo kwiipropati ze-mechanical of grafts ezichaphazelekayo.
Inqanaba loku-1: Ukugaya iintloko ze-80 ze-bovine femur kusetyenziswa i-Noviomagus bone mill.Iigrafti zaziye zihlanjwe kusetyenziswa isistim yokuhlamba inetyuwa epholileyo kwitreyi yesisefo.Isixhobo se-vibro-impact saphuhliswa, sixhotyiswe ngeenjini ezimbini ze-15 V DC ezinobunzima be-eccentric obubekwe ngaphakathi kwisilinda yentsimbi.Phosa ubunzima kuyo ukusuka kubude obunikiweyo ngamaxesha angama-72 ukuvelisa inkqubo yokubetha ithambo.Uluhlu lwefrikhwensi ye-vibration elinganiswe nge-accelerometer efakwe kwigumbi lokungcangcazela yavavanywa.Uvavanyo ngalunye lokucheba lwaphinda lwaphindwa kwimithwalo emine eyahlukeneyo eqhelekileyo ukuze kufumaneke uthotho lwee-curves zoxinzelelo.Iimvulophu zokungaphumeleli kwe-Mohr-Coulomb zakhiwa kuvavanyo ngalunye, apho kwavela khona amandla okucheba kunye namaxabiso okuthintela.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Phinda ulinge ngokongeza igazi ukuze uphindaphinde imeko-bume etyebileyo ekudityanwa nayo kwiindawo zotyando.
Inqanaba loku-1: Iigrafti ezinentshukumo eyongeziweyo kuzo zonke iifrikhwensi zokungcangcazela zibonise amandla aphezulu okucheba xa kuthelekiswa neempembelelo ngaphandle kokungcangcazela.I-Vibration kwi-frequency ye-60 Hz ibonise umphumo omkhulu kwaye yayibalulekile.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Ufakelo kunye nempembelelo eyongezelelweyo yokungcangcazela kwiiaggregates ezigcweleyo kubonise amandla asezantsi okucheba kuyo yonke imithwalo eqhelekileyo yoxinzelelo kunempembelelo ngaphandle kokungcangcazela.
Isiphelo: Imigaqo yobunjineli boluntu iyasebenza ekufakweni kwethambo elimiliselweyo.Kwii-aggregates ezomileyo, ukongezwa kwe-vibration kunokuphucula iimpawu zemishini yeengqungquthela zempembelelo.Kwinkqubo yethu, elona xesha lilungileyo lokungcangcazela lingama-60 Hz.Kwii-aggregates ezigcweleyo, ukonyuka kwe-vibration kuchaphazela kakubi amandla okucheba kwe-aggregate.Oku kunokuchazwa yinkqubo yokunyibilikisa.
Injongo yalo msebenzi yayikukuyila, ukwakha nokuvavanya inkqubo enokuphazamisa izifundo ezimi kuyo ukuze kuhlolwe ukukwazi kwabo ukuphendula kolu tshintsho.Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuthambeka ngokukhawuleza indawo ami kuyo umntu aze ayibuyisele kwindawo ethe tye.Kule nto kunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba ngaba izifundo zikwazile ukugcina imeko yokulinganisa kunye nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukubuyisela le meko yokulinganisa.Le meko yolungelelwaniso iya kumiselwa ngokulinganisa impembelelo yangasemva kwesifundo.I-postural yabo yendalo yendalo yayilinganiswa ngepaneli yeprofayili yoxinzelelo lweenyawo ukuze inqume ukuba ingakanani i-sway ngexesha lovavanyo.Inkqubo kwakhona yenzelwe ukuba ibe yinto eguquguqukayo kwaye ifikeleleke kunokuba ikhoyo ngoku yorhwebo kuba, ngelixa aba matshini bebalulekile kuphando, abasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi ngoku ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphezulu.Inkqubo esanda kuphuhliswa evezwe kweli nqaku isetyenziselwe ukuhambisa izinto zovavanyo ezinobunzima be-100 kg.
Kulo msebenzi, imifuniselo yelabhoratri emithandathu kubunjineli kunye nenzululwazi yezomzimba yayiyilelwe ukuphucula inkqubo yokufunda yabafundi.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokufakela kunye nokudala izixhobo ezizizo kwezi zilingo.Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo kuthelekiswa ngqo neendlela zokufundisa zaselabhoratri zesintu, kwaye isiseko sophuhliso lwazo zombini ezi ndlela kuxoxiwe ngaso.Umsebenzi wangaphambili usebenzisa ukufunda okuncediswa yikhompyuter (CBL) kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo ezinxulumene nalo msebenzi usetyenziselwe ukuvavanya ezinye zeenzuzo zezixhobo ezibonakalayo, ngakumbi ezo zinxulumene nokwanda komdla wabafundi, ukugcinwa kwememori, ukuqonda, kwaye ekugqibeleni ingxelo yelebhu..iinzuzo ezinxulumeneyo.Umfuniselo wenyani oxoxiwe kolu phononongo luguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo lomfuniselo wesitayile semveli kwaye ke ngoko lubonelela ngokuthe ngqo kubuchule obutsha be-CBL kunye nelebhu yesimbo sesiqhelo.Akukho mahluko wengqikelelo phakathi kweenguqulelo ezimbini zolingelo, umahluko kuphela yindlela evezwa ngayo.Ukusebenza kwezi ndlela ze-CBL kwavavanywa ngokujonga indlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi besebenzisa isixhobo esibonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abafundi abakwiklasi enye abenza imo yokulinga yemveli.Bonke abafundi bavavanywa ngokungenisa iingxelo, imibuzo eneenketho ezininzi ezinxulumene nemifuniselo yabo kunye nemibuzo.Iziphumo zolu phononongo zikwathelekiswe nolunye uphononongo olunxulumeneyo kummandla we-CBL.