904L 9.52 * 1.24mm Insimbi engenastainless ibhijelwe kwityhubhu yekhemikhali icandelo lekhemikhali, iGramophone Dreams #70: Sutherland Engineering SUTZ & Lounge Audio Copla preamp, Dynavector DV-20X2 kunye XX-2 MKII cartridge

Kodwa njengoko ndibhala le kholamu yenyanga, ndijonge ukuziva okwahlukileyo, kufana nokuqhuba inqwelomoya ye-'70s Ford station wagon off-road kunye nokubhala iimotel kunye nezikhululo zerhasi.Ukhenketho lwalumnandi, lulula, lunemibono emihle kunye nokumisa kuzo zonke iimyuziyam zeemoto, ifama yeenyoka kunye nomqolomba we-stalactite.

Inkcazo

904L 9.52 * 1.24mm intsimbi engatyiwayo ebhijelwe ababoneleli ngetyhubhu

I-alloy 904L i-tubing (UNS N08904) yokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukunyanzeliswa okuphakathi ukuya phezulu.I-alloy 904L yintsimbi ephantsi ye-carbon high alloy austenitic stainless steel, eyaphuhliswa ekuqaleni ukuxhathisa ukubola kwi-dilute sulfuric acid.Ngenxa yokudibanisa i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum kunye nobhedu, eli bakala liye laphucula kakhulu ukuchasana nokunciphisa okunamandla, ngakumbi i-asidi ye-sulfuric.I-alloy 904L ityhubhu ikwaxhathisa ngokugqithisileyo kuhlaselo lwekloridi ukusuka kuyo yomibini i-pitting / crevice corrosion kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking.I-alloy 904L ayinamagnetic kuzo zonke iimeko, inokuqina okumangalisayo, kwaye inokwakheka okuhle kunye nokushisela.

Ngenxa yezi zakhiwo, umntu unokufumana ityhubhu ye-alloy 904L kwizicelo ezininzi.Ezi zivela kwiindibano ze-utility scrubber ukuya kwi-asidi kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa isichumiso, i-pulp kunye nokulungiswa kwephepha, izibonelelo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle.Isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo eziqulethe i-sulfuric okanye i-phosphoric acids, i-904L ibonisa ukuchasana kwayo okugqwesileyo kwi-corrosion evela kwezo asidi.Iphepha, igesi, amashishini amayeza kunye neekhemikhali nazo zisebenzisa i-904L ngenxa yokuchasana kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwi-400-450 degrees C. I-alloy 904L i-tubing inokudityaniswa, ifakwe ngomatshini, iphathwe ukushisa, i-annealed, iqiniswe kwaye ibanda isebenze ngeenjongo ezininzi.

I-UNS NO8904, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-904L, yintsimbi ephantsi ye-carbon high alloy austenitic stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel stainless stainless steel esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo apho iipropathi zokubola kwe-AISI 316L kunye ne-AISI 317L ayanelanga.

Ukongezwa kobhedu kweli nqanaba kulinika iipropathi ezixhathisayo ku-corrosion ngaphezu kwe-chrome nickel yesiqhelo yeentsimbi ezingenasici, ngakumbi kwi-sulphuric, phosphoric kunye ne-acetic acid.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kunye ne-hydrochloric acids.Ikwanayo nokumelana okuphezulu kokungena kwizisombululo zekloridi, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kuzo zombini iintanda kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking.I-alloy 904L yenza ngcono kunezinye iintsimbi ze-austenitic ezingenasici ngenxa ye-alloying ephezulu ye-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum.

Ibakala alinamagnetic kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye linokwakheka okugqwesileyo kunye ne-weldability.Ulwakhiwo lwe-austenitic lukwanika eli bakala ukuqina okugqwesileyo, kude kube phantsi ukuya kumaqondo obushushu e-cryogenic.

Umxholo ophezulu we-chromium ukhuthaza kwaye ugcina ifilimu engabonakaliyo ekhusela izinto eziphathekayo kwiindawo ezininzi ezinobungozi.I-904L inokumelana okukhulu nemvula ye-ferrite kunye ne-sigma izigaba zokupholisa kunye ne-welding kunezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici eziqukethe i-molybdenum njenge-316L kunye ne-317L.Akukho mngcipheko we-intercrystalline corrosion ekupholiseni okanye kwi-welding ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi.Ubushushu benkonzo yayo bukwi-450°C.

Eli bakala liluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kulawulo kunye nezicelo ze-instrumentation tubing apho i-316 kunye ne-317L ayifanelekanga.

I-904L yensimbi engenasici idibanisa i-molybdenum kunye nobhedu kunye nentsimbi ukwenzela ukonyuka okukhulu kokumelana nokunciphisa i-asidi njenge-sulfuric acid.Ima kakuhle kakhulu kwikloridi kwindawo engqonge imingxuma ephantsi kunye ne-corrosion, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking.

I-904L iMibhobho yeNtsimbi engagqwali kunye neeTubes Uluhlu lweMveliso ye-904L yeMibhobho yeNtsimbi engagqwali kunye neeNgcaciso zeMibhobho: I-ASTM A/ASME SA 269/677 904L iMibhobho yeStainless Steel kunye noBubungakanani beMibhobho (I-Seamless): 1/2″ NB I-NB 8″ i-NB 8″ i-NB 8″ i-NB ″ i-Stainless speel0″ Ubukhulu (ERW): 1/2″ NB – 24″ NB 904L Imibhobho yeNsimbi eNgatyiwayo kunye noBubungakanani beMibhobho (EFW): 6″ NB – 100″ NB

»904L iStainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Dimensions: Yonke imibhobho yenziwe kwaye yahlolwa/yavavanywa ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo kuquka iASTM, ASME kunye neAPI njl. .Iipropati ezifanayo kodwa azifani ngokufanayo zichazwe kwezinye iimveliso ezinjengombhobho, ityhubhu kunye nebar kwiinkcukacha zazo.

Usetyenziso

I-904L insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimichiza, amayeza, ioli kunye negesi.Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya iitanki, iivalvu, izitshintshi zobushushu, iiflange kunye nee-manifolds.Ukongezwa kobhedu ekubunjweni kwe-904L yensimbi engenasici inceda ukufaneleka kwayo kumacandelo afana namatanki kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-sulfuric kunye ne-phosphoric acid.

Kule nyanga, ndiza kube ndiqhuba iimayile ezimbalwa ukuhla kwi-odometer ye-Ford ndivavanya impembelelo yemveliso yangoku ka-Ron Sutherland: i-$3,800 ye-transimpedance dynamic preamplifier ebizwa ngokuba yi-SUTZ.Endleleni, ndiya kuphinda ndibuyele kwi-1250 yeedola zeDynavector DV-20X2 eguquguqukayo i-cartridge kwaye ndihlolisise ukuba yintoni enokuba yinto engcono kakhulu kumgca we-cartridge ye-Dynavector: i-$ 2150 XX-2 MKII.
Okokugqibela, ndiza kuthatha ikhefu, ndiphume emotweni, kwaye ndiziqhelanise neLounge Audio's $355 Copla preamp, ebendiyisebenzisa ngomdla ukusukela oko ndaphonononga ngoFebruwari ka-2018, kodwa andikabhali ngayo ukusukela oko ndiphonononge.
I-Sutherland Engineering SUTZ Ndichithe ixesha elininzi ndizama ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wayo yonke ingxolo ye-electromagnetic ebangelwa kukujiwuziswa kwentonga eqhagamshelwe kuhlobo oluthile lwekhoyili kummandla wemagnethi.Ndibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni werekhodi eliqhuma elijingayo lijinga kwinaliti encinci/i-cantilever/ikhoyili, isolula ucingo lwe-tension kunye nokushukumisa ikhoyili ngemigca ezinzileyo yamandla edalwe yimagnethi encinci yehashe.Njengoko iikhoyili zidlula kwimagnethi yemagnethi, i-current ishukunyiswa ngobude bayo.
Ndafunda ukuzoba inxalenye yomthetho kaFaraday kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, umfundisi-ntsapho wachaza umthetho kaLenz, ekwanzima nangakumbi ukuwuqonda: “Indlela elungelelene ngayo amandla ombane ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemagnethi ibangela umsinga omandla wemagnethi achaseneyo notshintsho oluwubangeleyo.”
Okumangalisayo kukuba, umthetho kaLenz kunye nemagnethi yayo yafika engqondweni yam xa ndizama ukucinga ukuba izigaba zesandi ezilawulwayo ziza kusebenza njani kwaye kutheni zichaphazela isandi sekhasethi ngale ndlela.Esi sikhumbuzo sandikhokelela ekubeni ndicebise ukuba ukulayisha i-cartridge ye-coil ehambayo kunye nesekethe emfutshane (akukho mbane wokufaka) kwandisa ukujikeleza kwangoku kwi-coil ye-cartridge, ethi ikhulise umthetho we-Lenz obuyela umva, ngaloo ndlela udambisa ukufezekisa intshukumo enokwenzeka ye-cartridge coil. ikhoyili ye-cantilever (umbhalo osemazantsi 1).
Emva koko ndazama ukucinga ukuba le damping yangoku izakuthelekisa ukuthomalalisa okubonelelwa ngumxhasi we-shunt wemveli phambi kweqonga elisebenzayo.Ndihlala ndicinga ukuba zonke iiyantlukwano kumthwalo / ukudambisa zichaphazela indlela i-stylus elandelela ngayo i-grooves yerekhodi, kwaye ndifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba iyantlukwano ekudambiseni (nokuba ingaba yintoni na) inoxanduva lomahluko ekulandeleni, i-groove. ingxolo, ukuziva kwe-visceral Iinkcukacha ze-Causal kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-intermodulation.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ndigubungele iqonga leephono ezilayishwe ngokunxuseneyo, iziguquli ezohlukeneyo zokunyuka, kunye nezigaba ezintathu “zetransimpedance” zephono: I-Lounge Audio's Copla yeedola ezingama-355, iqonga lephono le-Dynavector's P75 MK3 yeedola ezingama-895, kunye ne-Loco encinci ye-Sutherland Engineering. $3,800.
Ngokwembali, incasa yam yokudlala iphonografi ithande i-high-nickel step-up transformers ezama ukugqithisa umoya kunye neefilaments ze-RIAA tube EQs.Kutshanje, nangona kunjalo, bendihlala ndikwinqanaba elisezantsi, ulwazi oluphezulu olusuka kwiSutherland Engineering Little Loco elawulwa ngoku izigaba zephono bendizisebenzisa ne-My Sonic Lab's low-output (0.3mV), i-impedance ephantsi. (0 .6 ohm) I-Ultra Eminent EX eguquguqukayo ikhatriji.I-Loco encinci ibonakala iphucula zonke iinkcukacha ezincinci ezinikezwa yile khatriji.Xa kuthelekiswa nesandi se-Eminent EX kwiqonga kwiParasound Halo JC 3+ phono stage, i-My Sonic-Loco combo idlalwe enkulu (ngokwemifanekiso kunye nendawo yesandi) kunye ne-sleeker (ngokwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezikali) - kunye inzonzobila ngasemva.La ngamanqaku athuleyo.
Ke ngequbuliso ndibambekile: ndingalufumana njani uxolo olufutshane kunye ne-microdata engenazinkozo ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa ukuba ndilahle iCinemaScope kunye ne-RIAA yetekhnoloji yeqonga letyhubhu?
Ndiyicacisele le ngxaki kumhlobo wam uChad Stelly, owazisa ingxaki kumhlobo wethu uRon Sutherland weSutherland Engineering (umbhalo osemazantsi wesi-2);Ngokukhawuleza uRon waphendula wathi, “Ndiyicombulula!”Emva kweveki, ndangena.Uyilo lwamva nje lukaRon, “SUTZ” transimpedance preamplifier, ukuya kwi-47 kΩ igalelo lemagnethi eshukumayo yeTavish Design Adagio yonke-tube phono iqonga.
Ipreamp ye-SUTZ evela kubuNjineli baseSutherland isebenzisa i-17 x 2 x 13″ i-chassis efanayo ne-Little Loco preamp endiyichaze kuJanuwari wam ka-2022 stereophile.Ngapha koko, i-SUTZ ijongeka kanye njengeLoco encinci ngaphakathi nangaphandle.isethingi ezintathu ezifanayo ze-jumper-activated inzuzo njenge-Little Loco.Xa ndabuza ukuba yintoni inzuzo enayo i-SUTZ, uRon wandithumelela i-imeyile yokuba zonke ii-SUTZ zexesha elizayo ziya kuba neesetingi zokuzuza kahlanu, kodwa wasuka wandithethisa.I-amplifier ye-transimpedance ayinayo "inzuzo" ngenxa yokuba iiyunithi zegalelo (i-amperes) azihambelani neeyunithi zemveliso (volts).“(umbhalo osemazantsi 3)
Ngaphambi kokuba ndiqalise, kufuneka ndikhankanye ukuba iqela lamacandelo endiwasebenzisayo yinto endiyibiza ngayo yonke inkqubo ye-tube "real-fi": i-cartridge yephono kunye ne-step-up transformer exhunywe kwi-10.5 "yengalo kaThomas.Schick Dr. Feickert Blackbird rotary EQ, Tavish Design Adagio phono stage okanye SunValley SV EQ1616D phono stage, Lab 12 Pre 1 line level preamp edityaniswe ne-Elekit TU-8600S SE amplifier (eneWestern Electric 300B tubes), yeFalcon Gold.Ebudeni bolu phicotho, bendisoloko ndikhunjuzwa ukuba ndiyithanda kangakanani le nkqubo kunye nendlela erekhodwe ngayo ngethoni echanekileyo kunye nokurekhodwa okunenyani kunayo nayiphi na inkqubo endiyakhileyo ukusukela oko ndaqala ukubhala iStereophile.
I-Dynavector DV-20X2 Ekubeni ndiyihlolisise kwi-Gramophone Dreams #10, akukho cassette kwigumbi lam idlale iidiski ezingaphezu kwe-$ 1,250 Dynavector DV-20X2 umdlali onamandla.Ndichithe amakhulu eeyure ndiyidlala ubuncinane kwi-turntables.Idlala ngendlela endizithanda ngayo iikhatriji ezijikajikayo: zibukhali, ziyakhawuleza, kwaye zinokuqonda.Unemojo-vivo eyaneleyo yokwenza ushicilelo olunamandla kunye neenguqu ezibukhali kunye nokudubula, ngelixa ekhululekile ngokupheleleyo.Kweli nqanaba lexabiso, iikhatriji ezimbalwa zinokwenza zombini.Abantu abaninzi abakwazi.
Nangona lonke ixesha elichithiweyo, i-20X2 isakwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhululekileyo umculo oqhumayo kodwa ophumlayo, ngokuthembekileyo ukubuyisela kwakhona enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kunye nezona zirekhodiweyo ngunjiniyela wecandelo uDavid Lewiston: Imvula yegolide LP "Ketjak: Ramayana Monkey Chant" (LP Nonesuch Explorer).H72028).Utshintsho olunamandla lweemonki ezingama-200 ezicula ngamxhelo-mnye zazimangalisa, nangona ndandisazi ukuba zaziza kuqhuma isikhalo sika-'tak'.Iimonki kwintendelezo zicwangciswe kwizangqa ezigxininisiweyo, eziqondakalayo ngokujonga nje.Kwiindawo ezithe cwaka, iliso lengqondo yam lithanda ukuphawula indawo yeemonki ezicula kwiindawo ezikude zezi zangqa.Xa iimonki zayeka ukukhwaza, isandi esivakala ebaleni sandenza ndabubona ndaza ndabuva ubukho bazo.Iikhatriji ezinale nqanaba lokuqonda zinqabile kweli nqanaba lexabiso.
Ngalo lonke ixesha ndidlala "i-Monkey Chant" kunye ne-Dynavector 20X2 MC, i-Sutherland SUTZ, kunye ne-SunValley SV EQ1616D yonke i-tube phono stage, ndothuswa kwaye ndimangalisa ukucaca okucacileyo, isantya sombane, kunye ne-dynamics ngaphandle kokungabaza.ezidlulayo zenzeka ngelizwi elahlukileyo nelibukhali kunye nezithuba ezibonakalayo phakathi kwamazwi emvumi.Kum, olu luhlobo olutsha lwe-wow!Umzuzu: Ulwazi lwangoku lwedisk luphuculwe ngobuhle ngeetyhubhu zeSunValley.
I-Dynavector XX-2 MKII uChad Stelly wayechulumancile kum kwisicatshulwa malunga "nentsebenziswano emangalisayo" yeDynavector XX-2 MKII dynamics kunye neSutherland SUTZ, ndiye ndanxibelelana noMike eToffco, umsasazi wase-US waseDynavector, uPrank (umbhalo osemazantsi 4), ongqinayo. Ukuqaphela kukaChad ukuba i-$ 2,150 XX-2 MKII mhlawumbi "indawo yegolide" kumgca wekhatriji yeDynavector.Eli lelona xesha linomdla kwiDynavector.
Ndisatsalwa kwiikhatriji zeDynavector ngenxa yebango labo lokuba bagxile kwinkqubo yobunjineli kumbindi wengxaki: uyilo lwesekethe yamagnetic.Iwebhusayithi yabo iyacacisa: "Ubalo lwethu kunye novavanyo lubonise ukuba nokuguquguquka okuncinci kakhulu kokuguquguquka kunokubangela utshintsho kumandla kazibuthe kumsantsa womoya, nto leyo echaphazela ukugqwethwa kwe-intermodulation yophawu oluphumayo."5 iimagnethi endaweni yesamarium-cobalt okanye neodymium-boron.Injongo echaziweyo yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza leDynavector "lokuthomalalisa okuguquguqukayo" kunye "nommandla wemagnethi othambileyo" kukunciphisa "ukuguquguquka okungafunekiyo kwemagnethi".
Ngokwewebhusayithi yeDynavector, i-XX-2 MKII isebenzisa imagnethi ye-Alnico 5 (umbhalo osemazantsi wesi-5) njengoko inoxinaniso oluphezulu lwemagnethi, oluthi, xa luthelekisa nezinye iintlobo zemagnethi, "livelise intsimi yemagnethi ezinzileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcina imveliso ezinzileyo. I-Voltage"..
I-XX-2 MKII ine-low (6 ohm) yokuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye ne-voltage ephantsi yokuphuma kwe-0.28 mV.I-motor yayo igcinwe kwindawo enqabileyo ye-7075 yezindlu ze-aluminiyam kwaye i-cartridge inobunzima be-9.2 grams.Ukuthobela kuchazwe kwi-10 µm/mN kwaye i-Dynavector icebisa umthwalo ophantsi (30 ohms).
I-20X2 isebenzisa i-stylus ye-MicroRidge evulekileyo kwi-dural tube cantilever, ngelixa i-XX-2, i-cartridge ephantsi kakhulu kumgca we-Dynavector, isebenzisa i-boron cantilever enzima kunye ne-Pathfinder stylus ene-7 × 30 µm yoqhagamshelwano lomgca kwi-tip.Mna Ukuba ndikhumbula ngokuchanekileyo, le yidayimane ye-Ogura efanayo eyayisetyenziswa nguLyra noKoetsu.
Umbhalo osemazantsi wesi-3: Ukumisela ngokobuchwephesha ukuzuza kwenqanaba lephono ye-transimpedance akunzima: kuyafana nesiqhelo, umlinganiselo wombane ophumayo kwi-voltage yegalelo okanye i-output current to input current - khetha enye yazo.Kodwa ayisiyiyo imali yenzala yenqanaba lephono ekhoyo ngoku, umsebenzi wayo kukuguqulela okwangoku kumbane.Kwisixhobo esinjalo, i-analogue ye-transformer ye-step-up ayinakuphikiswa, mhlawumbi yiloo nto uRon Sutherland wagqiba ukubiza le mveliso nge-SUTZ: inokuthathwa njengoluhlobo olutsha lwe-transformer-up-up, nokuba ayiguquki ngokwesiqhelo. ingqiqo.Kutheni uZ ekugqibeleni?Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba indlela yendalo yokubonakalisa isixhobo sokutshintsha-tshintsha ngumlinganiselo wombane ophumayo ukuya kwigalelo langoku, elineeyunithi ze-impedance, edla ngokuchazwa ngunobumba u-Z. – Jim Austin Jun 30 '11 ngo-12:00
Umbhalo osemazantsi 4: Dynavector Systems Ltd., 3-2-7 Higashi-Kanda Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0031 Japan.Ifowuni: +81 (0) 3-3861-4341.Iwebhusayithi: www.dynavector.com Umthengisi wase-US: Toffco, 2020 Washington Ave., Unit 314, St. Louis, MO 63103. Ifowuni: (314) 454-9966.URL: dynavector-usa.com
Umbhalo osemazantsi wesi-5: Amanani emva kwe-“Alnico” abhekiselele kwiialloyi ezikhethekileyo ze-aluminiyam, nickel, icobalt, ikopolo nentsimbi.IAlnico 5 isisityebi ngakumbi kwi-cobalt kunye nemagnethi encinci kunezinye ialnico alloys.Nokuba imeko ithini na, iikatala zombane ezine-Alnico 5 ezisekwe kwipickups zinee-transients ezicocekileyo kunye nethoni eqaqambileyo.- UJim Austin
I-$ 3,800 yenqanaba eliphezulu lephono, elingcono kakhulu kunexabiso elimangalisayo le-$ 89,000 yexabiso le-CH Precision P1 yephono ehlaziywe ngeveki edlulileyo.Kwaye oko "kunokuvakala" kungcono ngakumbi ngexabiso le-24.
Ndingathanda ukuqonda ukuba inqanaba lephono le-transimpedance lingavakala njani livulekile kwaye linomoya xa lilayishwe ngekhatriji ye-impedance ephantsi.Iminyaka yamava kunye nezigaba zephono zendabuko zindifundise ukuba ukulayishwa okungafanelekanga kunokuphazamisa isandi se-cartridge.Kutheni oku kungenzeki ngezigaba zephono ze-transimpedance?
Yicinge njengomsebenzi wezithethi ezisezantsi kakhulu, zizoba / zitsale ngakumbi ngoku kwi-amplifier, masijongane nayo, kulula ukuqhuba izithethi zithanda ukuba khaphukhaphu ngombala kunezithethi eziphantsi ze-impedance.
Silayishe i-Supex SD900 nge-1000 ohm, i-500 ohm, i-100 ohm, i-50 ohm kunye ne-10 ohm, isandi esicocekileyo nesona sithomalalisayo sikwi-10 ohm, kodwa ufuna inzuzo ephezulu kwaye "inokuba" ingxolo ukuba yayiyilwe ngokungalunganga.