I-AISI 304/304L yensimbi engenastainless ityhubhu yekhemikhali icandelo lemichiza, Ukuphucula iParameters yokuSonga iPhiko leNtwasahlobo usebenzisa i-Honeybee Algorithm

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AISI 304/304L Stainless steel capillary coiled tubing

I-AISI 304 i-coil yensimbi engenasici yimveliso yenjongo yonke enokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwaye ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ezifuna ukubunjwa okulungileyo kunye ne-weldability.

I-Sheye Metal stocks 304 coils kwi-0.3mm ukuya kwi-16mm ubukhulu kunye nokugqiba kwe-2B, ukugqiba kwe-BA, ukugqitywa kwe-No.4 zihlala zikhona.

Ngaphandle kweentlobo ezintathu zemigangatho, i-coil ye-304 yensimbi engenasici inokuhanjiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba.IBakala 304 liqulethe zombini i-Cr (idla ngokuba yi-18%) kunye ne-nickel (idla ngokuba yi-8%) yesinyithi njengezona zakhi zingezo-iron.

Olu hlobo lweekhoyili yintsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-austenitic, yeyosapho oluqhelekileyo lwe-Cr-Ni yensimbi engenasici.

Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa izinto zendlu kunye nabathengi, izixhobo zasekhitshini, i-cladding yangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-handrails, kunye neefestile zefestile, izixhobo zokutya kunye neziselo zoshishino, iitanki zokugcina.

Kolu phononongo, uyilo lwe-torsion kunye noxinzelelo lwemithombo yendlela yokugoqa yamaphiko esetyenziswa kwirokethi ithathwa njengengxaki yokuphucula.Emva kokuba i-rocket ishiya ityhubhu yokuqalisa, amaphiko avaliweyo kufuneka avulwe kwaye agcinwe ixesha elithile.Injongo yolu phando yayikukukhulisa amandla agcinwe kwimithombo ukuze amaphiko akwazi ukuthunyelwa ngexesha elifutshane.Kule meko, i-equation yamandla kuzo zombini iimpapasho yachazwa njengomsebenzi wenjongo kwinkqubo yokuphucula.Idayamitha yocingo, idiameter yekhoyili, inani leekhoyili, kunye neeparamitha zokuphambuka ezifunekayo kuyilo lwasentwasahlobo zichazwe njengezinto eziguquguqukayo zokuphucula.Kukho imida yejometri kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ngenxa yobukhulu bomatshini, kunye nemida kwizinto zokukhusela ngenxa yomthwalo owenziwe yimithombo.Inyosi yobusi (BA) i-algorithm yayisetyenziselwa ukusombulula le ngxaki yokuphucula kunye nokwenza uyilo lwentwasahlobo.Amaxabiso amandla afunyenwe nge-BA aphezulu kunalawo afunyenwe kwizifundo zangaphambili zoYilo lweemvavanyo (DOE).Imithombo kunye neendlela eziyilwe kusetyenziswa iiparameters ezifunyenwe ekuphuculeni zahlalutywa okokuqala kwiprogram ye-ADAMS.Emva koko, iimvavanyo zokulinga zenziwa ngokudibanisa imithombo eyenziweyo kwiindlela zangempela.Njengomphumo wovavanyo, kwabonwa ukuba amaphiko avuleka emva kwe-90 milliseconds.Eli xabiso lingaphantsi kakhulu koko bekujoliswe kuko yiprojekthi ye-200ms.Ukongeza, umahluko phakathi kweziphumo zokuhlalutya kunye novavanyo yi-16 ms kuphela.
Kwiinqwelo-moya kunye neenqwelo-moya zaselwandle, iindlela zokusonga zibalulekile.Ezi nkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nokuguqulwa kokuphucula ukusebenza kwendiza kunye nokulawula.Ngokuxhomekeke kwimowudi yokubhabha, amaphiko asonge kwaye avuleke ngokwahlukileyo ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-aerodynamic1.Le meko inokuthelekiswa nokushukuma kwamaphiko ezinye iintaka kunye nezinambuzane ngexesha lokubhabha kwemihla ngemihla nokuntywila.Ngokufanayo, i-gliders iyasonga kwaye ivuleke kwi-submersibles ukunciphisa iziphumo ze-hydrodynamic kunye nokwandisa ukuphatha3.Ukanti enye injongo yezi ndlela kukubonelela ngeenzuzo zevolumetric kwiinkqubo ezinjengokusongwa kwe-helicopter propeller 4 yokugcina nokuthutha.Amaphiko e-rocket nawo asonge phantsi ukunciphisa indawo yokugcina.Ke, imijukujelwa emininzi inokubekwa kwindawo encinci yesiqalisi 5. Amacandelo asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ekusongekeni nasekutyhilekeni aqhele ukuba yimithombo.Ngomzuzu wokugoqa, amandla agcinwe kuyo kwaye akhululwe ngexesha lokutyhila.Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiguquguqukayo, amandla agcinwe kwaye akhululwe alinganayo.Intlakohlaza yenzelwe isixokelelwano ikakhulu, kwaye olu yilo lubonisa ingxaki yokuphucula6.Kuba ngelixa ibandakanya iinguqu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nedayamitha yocingo, i-coil diameter, inani lokujika, i-helix angle kunye nohlobo lwemathiriyeli, kukwakho imigaqo efana nobunzima, umthamo, ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo oluncinci okanye ukufumaneka kwamandla aphezulu7.
Olu phononongo lunika ukukhanya kuyilo kunye nokulungiswa kwemithombo yeendlela zokusonga amaphiko ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zerokhethi.Ukuba ngaphakathi kwi-tube yokuqalisa ngaphambi kokuba indiza, amaphiko ahlala ehlanganiswe phezu kwe-rocket, kwaye emva kokuphuma kwi-tube yokuqalisa, avule ixesha elithile kwaye ahlale ecinezelekile phezulu.Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwe-rocket.Kwindlela yokugoqa ephuhlisiwe, ukuvulwa kwamaphiko kuqhutyelwa yimithombo ye-torsion, kwaye ukutshixa kuqhutyelwa yimithombo yoxinzelelo.Ukuyila intwasahlobo efanelekileyo, inkqubo yokuphucula kufuneka yenziwe.Ngaphakathi kokulungiswa kwentwasahlobo, kukho izicelo ezahlukeneyo kuncwadi.
U-Paredes et al.8 uchaze ubuninzi bobomi bokukhathala njengomsebenzi onenjongo yoyilo lwemithombo ye-helical kwaye wasebenzisa indlela ye-quasi-Newtonian njengendlela yokuphucula.Izinto eziguquguqukayo ekuphuculeni zichongiwe njenge-diameter yocingo, i-coil diameter, inani lokujika, kunye nobude bentwasahlobo.Enye ipharamitha yesakhiwo sentwasahlobo yinto eyenziwa kuyo.Ke ngoko, oku kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwizifundo zoyilo kunye nokuphucula.UZebdi et al.I-9 ibeka iinjongo zobunzima obukhulu kunye nobunzima obuncinci kumsebenzi wenjongo kwisifundo sabo, apho ubunzima bezinto ezibalulekileyo.Kule meko, bachaza izinto zentwasahlobo kunye neempawu zejometri njengezinto eziguquguqukayo.Basebenzisa i-algorithm yofuzo njengendlela yokuphucula.Kwishishini leemoto, ubunzima bezinto luncedo ngeendlela ezininzi, ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi ukuya kusetyenziso lwamafutha.Ukunciphisa ubunzima ngelixa ulungiselela imithombo yekhoyili yokunqunyanyiswa sisifundo esaziwayo10.I-Bahshesh kunye ne-Bahshesh11 izixhobo ezichongiweyo ezifana ne-E-glass, i-carbon kunye ne-Kevlar njengezinto eziguquguqukayo kumsebenzi wabo kwindawo ye-ANSYS ngenjongo yokufezekisa ubunzima obuncinci kunye namandla aphezulu obunzima kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokumisa intwasahlobo ehlanganisiweyo.Inkqubo yokuvelisa ibalulekile ekuphuhliseni imithombo edibeneyo.Ngaloo ndlela, iinguqu ezahlukeneyo ziza kudlala kwingxaki yokuphucula, njengendlela yokuvelisa, amanyathelo athathiweyo kwinkqubo, kunye nokulandelelana kwaloo manyathelo12,13.Xa uyila imithombo yeenkqubo eziguquguqukayo, iifrikhwensi zendalo zenkqubo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.Kunconywa ukuba i-frequency yokuqala yendalo yasentwasahlobo ibe ubuncinane ngamaxesha angama-5-10 i-frequency yendalo yenkqubo ukuphepha i-resonance14.Taktak et al.I-7 yagqiba ekubeni inciphise ubunzima bentwasahlobo kwaye yandise i-frequency yokuqala yendalo njengemisebenzi enenjongo kuyilo lwe-coil spring.Basebenzisa uphendlo lwepateni, indawo yangaphakathi, isethi esebenzayo, kunye neendlela ze-algorithm yemfuzo kwisixhobo sokuphucula iMatlab.Uphando lohlalutyo luyingxenye yophando loyilo lwentwasahlobo, kwaye i-Finite Element Method ithandwa kule ndawo15.U-Patil et al.16 uvelise indlela yokuphucula ukunciphisa ubunzima be-compression helical spring usebenzisa inkqubo yokuhlalutya kunye nokuvavanya i-equations yokuhlalutya usebenzisa indlela ye-finite element.Enye ikhrayitheriya yokwandisa ukusebenziseka kwentwasahlobo kukunyuka kwamandla anokugcina.Eli tyala likwaqinisekisa ukuba intwasahlobo igcina ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide.I-Rahul kunye ne-Rameshkumar17 Funa ukunciphisa umthamo wentwasahlobo kunye nokwandisa amandla obunzima kwi-coil spring spring designs.Bakwasebenzise i-algorithms yofuzo kuphando lokuphucula.
Njengoko kunokubonwa, iiparamitha kuphononongo lokuphucula ziyahluka ngokwenkqubo ukuya kwisistim.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqina kunye neeparitha zoxinzelelo lwe-shear zibalulekile kwinkqubo apho umthwalo owuphetheyo yinto emiselayo.Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kufakwe kwisistim somda wobunzima kunye nezi zimbini zeeparamitha.Kwelinye icala, iifrikhwensi zendalo ziyajongwa ukuthintela izandi kwiinkqubo ezinamandla kakhulu.Kwiinkqubo apho usetyenziso lubalulekile, amandla anyuswa kakhulu.Kwizifundo zokuphucula, nangona i-FEM isetyenziselwa izifundo zokuhlalutya, kunokubonwa ukuba i-algorithms ye-metaheuristic efana ne-algorithm yofuzo14,18 kunye ne-grey wolf algorithm19 isetyenziswa kunye nendlela ye-Newton ye-classical ngaphakathi koluhlu lweeparameters ezithile.I-algorithms ye-Metaheuristic iye yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokulungelelanisa zendalo ezisondela kwimeko efanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane, ngakumbi phantsi kweempembelelo zabemi20,21.Ngokusasazwa okungahleliwe kwabemi kwindawo yokukhangela, banqanda i-optima yendawo kwaye baqhubele phambili kwi-global optima22.Ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibisoloko isetyenziswa kwimeko yeengxaki zokwenyani zamashishini23,24.
Imeko ebalulekileyo yendlela yokusonga ephuhliswe kolu phononongo kukuba amaphiko, awayekwindawo evaliweyo ngaphambi kokubhabha, avule ixesha elithile emva kokushiya ityhubhu.Emva koko, into yokutshixa ivala iphiko.Ngoko ke, imithombo ayichaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo i-flight dynamics.Kule meko, injongo yokuphucula yayikukwandisa amandla agciniweyo ukukhawulezisa ukuhamba kwentwasahlobo.Idayamitha yokuqengqeleka, idiameter yocingo, inani lemiqulu kunye nokuphambuka kwachazwa njengeeparamitha zokwandisa.Ngenxa yobuncinci bentwasahlobo, ubunzima abuzange bucingelwe njengenjongo.Ngoko ke, uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo luchazwa njengolusisigxina.Umda wokhuseleko lokuguqulwa komatshini umiselwa njengomda obalulekileyo.Ukongezelela, izithintelo zobungakanani obuguquguqukayo zibandakanyeka kububanzi bomatshini.Indlela ye-BA metaheuristic yakhethwa njengendlela yokwandisa.I-BA yayithandwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esibhetyebhetye nesilula, kunye nokuhambela phambili kwayo kuphando lokuphucula oomatshini25.Kwicandelo lesibini lophononongo, iinkcazo zemathematika ezicacileyo zibandakanyiwe kwisakhelo soyilo olusisiseko kunye noyilo lwasentwasahlobo lwendlela yokusonga.Inxalenye yesithathu iqulethe i-algorithm yokuphucula kunye neziphumo zokuphucula.Isahluko sesi-4 siqhuba uhlalutyo kwinkqubo ye-ADAMS.Ukufaneleka kwemithombo kuhlalutywa phambi kwemveliso.Icandelo lokugqibela liqulethe iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nemifanekiso yovavanyo.Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuphononongo nazo zathelekiswa nomsebenzi wangaphambili wababhali abasebenzisa indlela ye-DOE.
Amaphiko aphuhliswe kwesi sifundo kufuneka asonge ukuya kumphezulu we-rocket.Amaphiko ajikeleza ukusuka kwindawo egoqiweyo ukuya kwindawo engavulekiyo.Kule nto, umatshini okhethekileyo waphuhliswa.Kwikhiwane.I-1 ibonisa ukucwangciswa okusongiweyo kunye nokungavulwanga5 kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-rocket.
Kwikhiwane.2 ibonisa imbonakalo yecandelo lesixhobo.Umtshini uquka amalungu aliqela oomatshini: (1) umzimba ongundoqo, (2) umphini wephiko, (3) ukuthwala, (4) umzimba wokutshixa, (5) ityholo lokutshixa, (6) isikhonkwane sokumisa, (7) intsusa ye-torsion kunye ( 8) imithombo yoxinzelelo.Iphiko lomphini (2) liqhagamshelwe kwintlambo yokutshixa (7) ngomkhono wokutshixa (4).Zontathu iindawo zijikeleza ngaxeshanye emva kokuba i-rocket isuka.Ngale ntshukumo yokujikeleza, amaphiko ajika kwindawo yawo yokugqibela.Emva koko, i-pin (6) iqhutywe yi-spring compression spring (8), ngaloo ndlela ivalela yonke indlela yomzimba wokutshixa (4)5.
Imodyuli ethambileyo (E) kunye nemodyuli yokucheba (G) ziiparamitha zoyilo eziphambili zasentlakohlaza.Kule sifundo, i-carbon spring steel wire ephezulu (i-Music wire ASTM A228) yakhethwa njengento entwasahlobo.Ezinye iiparamitha sisisangqa socingo (d), i-avareji yekhoyili yedayamitha (Dm), inani leekhoyili (N) kunye nokuphambuka kwentwasahlobo (xd yemithombo yoxinzelelo kunye no-θ kwimithombo ye-torsion)26.Amandla agciniweyo emithombo yoxinzelelo \({(SE}_{x})\) kunye ne-torsion (\({SE}_{\theta}\)) inokubalwa kwi-equation.(1) kunye (2)26.(Ixabiso lemodyuli ye-shear (G) yentwasahlobo yoxinzelelo yi-83.7E9 Pa, kunye nexabiso lemodyuli elastiki (E) lentwasahlobo ye-torsion yi-203.4E9 Pa.)
Imilinganiselo yomatshini yenkqubo ichaza ngokuthe ngqo imiqobo yejometri yentwasahlobo.Ukongeza, iimeko apho i-rocket iya kuba khona kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Ezi zinto zinquma imida yeeparamitha zentwasahlobo.Omnye umda obalulekileyo yinto yokhuseleko.Inkcazo yemeko yokhuseleko ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha nguShigley et al.26.I-compression spring safety factor (SFC) ichazwa njengowona xinzelelo luphezulu oluvumelekileyo olwahlulwe luxinzelelo phezu kobude obuqhubekayo.I-SFC ingabalwa kusetyenziswa iiequations.(3), (4), (5) kunye (6)26.(Ngezinto zasentwasahlobo ezisetyenziswe kolu phononongo, \({S}_{sy}=980 MPa\)).U-F umele amandla kwi-equation kwaye i-KB imele i-Bergstrasser factor ka-26.
Umba wokhuseleko lokutya kwentwasahlobo (SFT) uchazwa njengo-M owahlulwe ngo-k.I-SFT ingabalwa ukusuka kwinxaki.(7), (8), (9) kunye (10)26.(Ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo, \({S}_{y}=1600 \mathrm{MPa}\)).Kwi-equation, i-M isetyenziselwa i-torque, \ ({k} ^ {^{\ prime}} \) isetyenziselwa i-spring constant (torque / rotation), kwaye i-Ki isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa koxinzelelo.
Injongo ephambili yokuphucula kwesi sifundo kukwandisa amandla entwasahlobo.Umsebenzi wenjongo uqulunqwe ukufumana \(\ utolo olungaphezulu{\{X\}}\) owenza nkulu \(f(X)\).\({f}_{1}(X)\) kunye \({f}_{2}(X)\) yimisebenzi yamandla yoxinzelelo kunye nentwasahlobo ye-torsion, ngokulandelelanayo.Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezibaliweyo kunye nemisebenzi esetyenzisiweyo ekuphuculeni ibonakaliswe kwezi zibalo zilandelayo.
Izithintelo ezahlukeneyo ezibekwe ekuyilweni kwentwasahlobo zinikezelwa kwiinxaki ezilandelayo.Ii-equations (15) kunye (16) zimele izinto ezikhuselekileyo zoxinzelelo kunye nemithombo ye-torsion, ngokulandelanayo.Kolu phononongo, i-SFC kufuneka ibenkulu okanye ilingane no-1.2 kwaye i-SFT mayibe nkulu kuno okanye ilingane no-θ26.
I-BA yakhuthazwa ngamaqhinga eenyosi zokufuna umungu27.Iinyosi zifuna ngokuthumela iiforoji ezingakumbi kumasimi achumileyo kunye neefodi ezimbalwa kumasimi achumileyo.Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphumelela okukhulu kuluntu lweenyosi kufezekiswa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinyosi ze-scout ziyaqhubeka zikhangela iindawo ezintsha ze-pollen, kwaye ukuba kukho iindawo ezinemveliso ngakumbi kunangaphambili, abaninzi abathengisa ukutya baya kubhekiswa kule ndawo intsha28.I-BA inamacandelo amabini: uphendlo lwasekhaya kunye nophendlo lwehlabathi.Ukhangelo lwasekhaya lujonge uluntu oluninzi olukufutshane nolona luncinci (iindawo eziphakamileyo), njengeenyosi, kwaye ngaphantsi kwezinye iisayithi (ezona ndawo zifanelekileyo okanye ezibonisiweyo).Ukukhangela okungekho mthethweni kuyenziwa kwindawo yokukhangela yehlabathi, kwaye ukuba amaxabiso amahle afunyenwe, izikhululo zihanjiswa kwindawo yokukhangela yendawo kwi-iteration elandelayo.I-algorithm iqulethe iiparameters ezithile: inani leenyosi ze-scout (n), inani leendawo zophendlo zasekuhlaleni (m), inani leendawo eziphakamileyo (e), inani leefoloji kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (nep), inani labafori iindawo ezifanelekileyo.Isiza (nsp), ubukhulu bengingqi (ngh), kunye nenani lokuphindaphinda (I)29.I-BA pseudocode iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
I-algorithm izama ukusebenza phakathi kwe\({g}_{1}(X)\)\) kunye \({g}_{2}(X)\).Njengesiphumo sophindaphindo ngalunye, amaxabiso afanelekileyo ayamiselwa kwaye inani labemi liqokelelwa lijikeleze la maxabiso ngelizama ukufumana awona maxabiso abalaseleyo.Izithintelo zikhangelwe kwicandelo lasekhaya kunye nehlabathi jikelele lokukhangela.Kukhangelo lwendawo, ukuba ezi zinto zifanelekile, ixabiso lamandla libalwa.Ukuba ixabiso elitsha lamandla likhulu kunelona xabiso lifanelekileyo, yabela ixabiso elitsha kwelona xabiso lilungileyo.Ukuba elona xabiso lifunyenwe kwisiphumo sokukhangela likhulu kunento yangoku, into entsha iya kubandakanywa kwingqokelela.Umzobo webhloko wokukhangela kwendawo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.
Abemi yenye yeeparamitha eziphambili kwiBA.Inokubonwa kwizifundo zangaphambili ukuba ukwandisa inani labantu kunciphisa inani lokuphindaphinda okufunekayo kwaye kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela.Nangona kunjalo, inani leemvavanyo zokusebenza nalo liyanda.Ubukho benani elikhulu leendawo eziphakamileyo azichaphazeli kakhulu ukusebenza.Inani leendawo ze-elite linokuba liphantsi ukuba alikho i-zero30.Ubungakanani be-scout bee population (n) ngokuqhelekileyo ikhethwa phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-100. Kulo cwaningo, zombini iimeko ze-30 kunye ne-50 ziqhutywe ukugqiba inani elifanelekileyo (Itheyibhile 2).Ezinye iiparamitha zimiselwa ngokuxhomekeke kuluntu.Inani leendawo ezikhethiweyo (m) yi (malunga) ne-25% yobungakanani benani labemi, kwaye inani leendawo ezikhethekileyo (e) phakathi kweziza ezikhethiweyo yi-25% ye-m.Inani lokutya iinyosi (inani lokukhangela) likhethwe ukuba libe yi-100 yeendawo eziphakamileyo kunye ne-30 kwezinye iindawo zendawo.Ukukhangela ubumelwane yingcamango esisiseko yazo zonke ii-algorithms zokuzivelela.Kolu phononongo, kusetyenziswe indlela yokucofa abamelwane.Le ndlela inciphisa ubungakanani bengingqi kwizinga elithile ngexesha lokuphindaphinda ngalunye.Kwixa elizayo, ixabiso lendawo encinci30 lingasetyenziselwa uphendlo oluchaneke ngakumbi.
Kwimeko nganye, iimvavanyo ezilishumi ezilandelelanayo zenziwa ukujonga ukuveliswa kwakhona kwe-algorithm yokuphucula.Kwikhiwane.I-5 ibonisa iziphumo zokulungiswa kwentwasahlobo ye-torsion yesikimu 1, kunye nomkhiwane.I-6 - yeskimu 2. Idatha yokuvavanya inikwe kwakhona kwiitheyibhile 3 kunye ne-4 (itheyibhile equlethe iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kwi-spring compression kwi-Supplementary Information S1).Inani lezinyosi liqinisa ukukhangela amaxabiso amahle kwi-iteration yokuqala.Kwimeko 1, iziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo zazingaphantsi kowona mgangatho uphezulu.Kwi-Scenario 2, kunokubonwa ukuba zonke iziphumo zokuphucula zisondela kwizinga eliphezulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwabemi kunye nezinye iiparitha ezifanelekileyo.Inokubonwa ukuba amaxabiso kwi-Scenario 2 anele kwi-algorithm.
Xa ufumana ixabiso eliphezulu lamandla ekuphindaphindeni, into yokhuseleko nayo ibonelelwe njengesithintelo sophononongo.Jonga itheyibhile malunga nokhuseleko.Amaxabiso amandla afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa i-BA afaniswa nalawo afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-5 ye-DOE kwiThebhile 5. (Ukuze kube lula ukuvelisa, inani lokujika (N) lentwasahlobo ye-torsion yi-4.9 endaweni ye-4.88, kunye nokuphambuka (xd ) yi-8 mm endaweni ye-7.99 mm kwintwasahlobo yoxinzelelo.) Ingabonwa ukuba i-BA isiPhumo esingcono.I-BA ivavanya onke amaxabiso ngokujonga kwasekhaya nakwihlabathi.Ngale ndlela unokuzama ezinye iindlela ngokukhawuleza.
Kule sifundo, i-Adams yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ukuhamba kwendlela yamaphiko.I-Adams inikwe kuqala imodeli ye-3D yomatshini.Emva koko uchaze intwasahlobo kunye neeparitha ezikhethiweyo kwicandelo langaphambili.Ukongeza, ezinye iiparameters kufuneka zichazwe kuhlalutyo lwangempela.Ezi parameters ngokomzimba ezifana uqhagamshelo, iipropathi eziphathekayo, uqhagamshelwano, ingxabano, kunye nomxhuzulane.Kukho ikhonkco elijikelezayo phakathi kwe-blade shaft kunye nokuthwala.Kukho i-5-6 ye-cylindrical joints.Kukho i-5-1 edibeneyo edibeneyo.Umzimba oyintloko wenziwe ngezinto ze-aluminium kwaye zilungisiwe.Izinto eziphathekayo zezinye iindawo ziyintsimbi.Khetha i-coefficient of friction, ukuqina koqhagamshelwano kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwendawo edibeneyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo.(insimbi engenasici i-AISI 304) Kulo cwaningo, ipharamitha ebalulekileyo yithuba lokuvula umatshini wephiko, omele ube ngaphantsi kwe-200 ms.Ngoko ke, gcina iliso kwixesha lokuvula iphiko ngexesha lokuhlalutya.
Ngenxa yohlalutyo luka-Adams, ixesha lokuvulwa kwendlela yephiko yi-74 milliseconds.Iziphumo zokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-4 ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 7. Umfanekiso wokuqala kuMfanekiso.I-5 lixesha lokuqala lokulinganisa kwaye amaphiko akwindawo yokulinda ukusonga.(2) Ibonisa indawo yephiko emva kwe-40ms xa iphiko lijikeleze i-43 degrees.(3) ibonisa indawo yephiko emva kwe-71 milliseconds.Kwakhona kumfanekiso wokugqibela (4) ubonisa ukuphela kokujika kwephiko kunye nendawo evulekileyo.Ngenxa yohlalutyo oluguquguqukayo, kwaphawulwa ukuba indlela yokuvula iphiko imfutshane kakhulu kunexabiso ekujoliswe kulo le-200 ms.Ukongeza, xa ulinganisa imithombo, imida yokhuseleko yakhethwa kwawona maxabiso aphakamileyo acetyiswayo kuncwadi.
Emva kokugqitywa kwalo lonke uyilo, ukuphuculwa kunye nezifundo zokulinganisa, iprototype yendlela yenziwa kwaye yadityaniswa.Iprototype yavavanywa ke ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo zokulinganisa.Qala ukhusele igobolondo eliphambili kwaye usonge amaphiko.Emva koko amaphiko akhululwa kwindawo esongiwe kwaye kwenziwa ividiyo ngokujikeleza kwamaphiko ukusuka kwindawo esongiwe ukuya kuleyo isetyenzisiweyo.Isibali-xesha sikwasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ixesha ngexesha lokurekhoda ividiyo.
Kwikhiwane.I-8 ibonisa iifreyimu zevidiyo ezinenombolo 1-4.Inombolo yesakhelo 1 kumzobo ibonisa umzuzu wokukhululwa kwamaphiko asongekileyo.Lo mzuzu uthathwa njengomzuzu wokuqala wexesha t0.Iifreyimu ze-2 kunye ne-3 zibonisa izikhundla zamaphiko 40 ms kunye ne-70 ms emva komzuzu wokuqala.Xa uhlalutya izakhelo ze-3 kunye ne-4, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuhamba kwephiko kuzinzisa i-90 ms emva kwe-t0, kwaye ukuvulwa kwephiko kugqityiwe phakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-90 ms.Le meko ithetha ukuba zombini ukulinganisa kunye novavanyo lweprototype lunika malunga nexesha elifanayo lokusasazwa kwephiko, kwaye uyilo luhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwendlela.
Kweli nqaku, i-torsion kunye nemithombo yoxinzelelo esetyenziswa kwindlela yokugoqa amaphiko iphuculwe kusetyenziswa i-BA.Iiparamitha zinokufikelelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokuphinda-phinda okumbalwa.Umthombo we-torsion ulinganiswe kwi-1075 mJ kwaye intwasahlobo yoxinzelelo ilinganiswe kwi-37.24 mJ.La maxabiso angcono ngama-40-50% kunezifundo ze-DOE zangaphambili.Intwasahlobo ihlanganiswe kwindlela kwaye ihlalutywe kwiprogram ye-ADAMS.Xa kuhlalutywa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba amaphiko avuleka ngaphakathi kwe-74 milliseconds.Eli xabiso lingaphantsi kakhulu koko bekujoliswe kuko yiprojekthi ye-200 milliseconds.Kuphononongo olulandelayo lovavanyo, ixesha lokujika lilinganiswe malunga ne-90 ms.Lo mahluko we-millisecond ye-16 phakathi kohlalutyo unokuba ngenxa yezinto zokusingqongileyo ezingaboniswanga kwi-software.Kukholelwa ukuba i-algorithm yokuphucula efunyenwe ngenxa yophononongo ingasetyenziselwa uyilo olwahlukeneyo lwasentwasahlobo.
Izinto zasentwasahlobo zichazwe kwangaphambili kwaye azizange zisetyenziswe njengento eguquguqukayo ekuphuculeni.Kuba iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zemithombo zisetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya kunye neerokethi, iBA iya kusetyenziswa ukuyila ezinye iintlobo zemithombo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuphumeza uyilo lwentwasahlobo olulolona kuphando lwexesha elizayo.
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