Imigca ye-hydraulic yemveli isebenzisa iziphelo ezivuthayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwi-SAE-J525 okanye imigangatho ye-ASTM-A513-T5, ekunzima ukuyifumana ekhaya.Ii-OEM ezikhangela ababoneleli basekhaya zinokuthatha indawo yombhobho owenziwe kwi-SAE-J356A ucaciswe kwaye utywinwe ngezitywina zobuso be-O-ring njengoko kubonisiwe.Umgca wemveliso wangempela.
Inqaku loMhleli: Eli nqaku lelokuqala kuluhlu olunamacandelo amabini kwimarike kunye nokuveliswa kwemigca yolwelo logqithiso lwezicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Inxalenye yokuqala ixoxa ngobume beziseko zobonelelo lwasekhaya nezangaphandle kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo.Icandelo lesibini lixoxa ngeenkcukacha zeemveliso ezincinci zemveli ezijoliswe kule marike.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubangele utshintsho olungalindelekanga kumashishini amaninzi, kubandakanywa amakhonkco obonelelo lwemibhobho yentsimbi kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemibhobho.Ukususela ekupheleni kwe-2019 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, imarike yombhobho yentsimbi iye yatshintsha kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa kunye nempahla.Umbuzo omde owawusele ulindelwe wawusembindini wokuqwalaselwa.
Ngoku abasebenzi babaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili.Ubhubhani yingxaki yabantu kwaye ukubaluleka kwempilo kuye kwatshintsha ibhalansi phakathi komsebenzi, ubomi bomntu kunye nokuzonwabisa kuninzi, ukuba ayingabo bonke.Inani labasebenzi abanezakhono lehlile ngenxa yomhlalaphantsi, ukungakwazi kwabasebenzi abathile ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yakudala okanye ukufumana umsebenzi omtsha kwishishini elifanayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobhubhani, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi bekugxile kakhulu kumashishini axhomekeke kwimisebenzi engaphambili, efana nokhathalelo lwezonyango kunye nokuthengisa, ngelixa abasebenzi bemveliso bebesekhefini okanye iiyure zabo zokusebenza zancitshiswa kakhulu.Abavelisi kungoku nje banengxaki ekufuneni nasekugcineni abasebenzi, kuqukwa nabasebenzi abanamava abasebenza ngemibhobho.Ukwenza imibhobho ngokuyintloko ngumsebenzi osebenza nzima ofuna umsebenzi onzima kwimozulu engalawulekiyo.Nxiba izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokuzikhusela (ezifana neemaski) ukunciphisa usulelo kwaye ulandele imithetho eyongezelelweyo njengokugcina umgama oziinyawo ezi-6.Umgama womgca ukusuka kwabanye, ukongeza uxinzelelo kumsebenzi osele unoxinzelelo.
Ubukho bentsimbi kunye nexabiso lezinto ezikrwada zentsimbi nazo zitshintshile ngexesha lo bhubhani.Intsimbi yeyona nto ibiza kakhulu kwimibhobho emininzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-akhawunti yensimbi ye-50% yeendleko ngeenyawo zomgca wombhobho.Ukusukela kwikota yesine ka-2020, ixabiso eliphakathi leminyaka emithathu lentsimbi yasekhaya eqengqelekayo e-US yayimalunga needola ezingama-800 ngetoni nganye.Amaxabiso adlula eluphahleni kwaye ayi-2,200 yeedola ngeetoni nganye ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Kuphela ezi zinto zimbini ziya kutshintsha ngexesha lo bhubhani, baya kusabela njani abadlali kwimarike yombhobho?Olu tshintsho lunempembelelo engakanani kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwemibhobho, kwaye leliphi icebiso elilungileyo elikhoyo kushishino kule ngxaki?
Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, umanejala onamava wombhobho washwankathela indima yenkampani yakhe kweli shishini: “Apha senza izinto ezimbini: senza imibhobho size siyithengise.”ezininzi zifiphalisa amaxabiso aphambili enkampani okanye ingxaki yexeshana (okanye zonke ezi zenzeka ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ehlala injalo).
Kubalulekile ukufumana nokugcina ulawulo ngokugxila kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu: izinto ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwemibhobho esemgangathweni.Ukuba iinzame zenkampani azijoliswanga kule misebenzi mibini, lixesha lokubuyela kwizinto ezisisiseko.
Njengoko ubhubhane usasazeka, imfuno yemibhobho kwamanye amashishini yehle yaya kutsho ku-zero.Iifektri zeemoto kunye neenkampani kwamanye amashishini ezazijongwa njengezincinci zazingasebenzi.Kwakukho ixesha apho abaninzi kwishishini bengazange benze okanye bathengise imibhobho.Imarike yombhobho iyaqhubeka ukubakho kumashishini ambalwa abalulekileyo.
Ngethamsanqa, abantu bajonge ishishini labo.Abanye abantu bathenga iifriji ezongezelelweyo zokugcina ukutya.Kungekudala emva koko, i-real estate market yaqala ukunyuka kwaye abantu bathanda ukuthenga izixhobo ezimbalwa okanye ezininzi ezitsha xa kuthengwa ikhaya, ngoko ke zombini iindlela zixhasa imfuno yemibhobho encinci yobukhulu.Ishishini lezixhobo zasefama liqalisa ukuvuseleleka, njengoko baya besanda abanini abafuna iitrektara ezincinci okanye oomatshini bokucheba ingca ezinoziro.Imakethi yeemoto yaphinda yaqala, nangona ihamba kancinci ngenxa yokunqongophala kweetshiphu kunye nezinye izinto.
Irayisi.1. Imigangatho ye-SAE-J525 kunye ne-ASTM-A519 isekwe njengokutshintshwa rhoqo kwe-SAE-J524 kunye ne-ASTM-A513T5.Umahluko ophambili kukuba i-SAE-J525 kunye ne-ASTM-A513T5 zifakwe kwi-welded endaweni ye-seamless.Ubunzima bokuthengwa kwempahla, njengexesha lokunikezelwa kweenyanga ezintandathu, buye lwadala amathuba kwezinye iimveliso ze-tubular ezimbini, i-SAE-J356 (ebonelelwa njengetyhubhu echanekileyo) kunye ne-SAE-J356A (enikezelwa njenge-tube eguquguqukayo), ehlangabezana neemfuneko ezininzi ezifanayo. njengezinye iimveliso.
Imarike itshintshile, kodwa ubunkokeli buhlala bufana.Akukho nto ibaluleke ngaphezu kokugxila kwimveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwemibhobho ngokwemfuno yemarike.
Umbuzo wokwenza okanye wokuthenga uvela xa umsebenzi wokuvelisa ujongene neendleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kunye nokulungiswa okanye ukunciphisa izixhobo zangaphakathi.
Ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding yeemveliso zepayipi kufuna izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo.Ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo kunye nokuveliswa kwentsimbi yensimbi, ngamanye amaxesha ukonga ukusika imicu ebanzi ngaphakathi.Nangona kunjalo, ukuthungelwa kwangaphakathi kunokuba ngumthwalo kwiimfuno zabasebenzi, iimfuno zenkunzi yezixhobo, kunye neendleko zoluhlu lwe-broadband.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika iitoni ze-2,000 ngenyanga kunye nokugcina iitoni ze-5,000 zensimbi kuthatha imali eninzi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthenga intsimbi yokusika-ububanzi ngexesha nje-ngexesha kufuna imali encinci.Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokuba umenzi wombhobho unokuxoxisana nemimiselo yemali mboleko kunye nomsiki, unokwazi ukuhlehlisa iindleko zemali.Umbhobho ngamnye wokusila wohlukile kulo mba, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuthi phantse wonke umenzi wemibhobho uchatshazelwe ngubhubhani we-COVID-19 malunga nokufumaneka kwezakhono zabasebenzi, iindleko zentsimbi kunye nokuhamba kwemali.
Okufanayo kuya kwimveliso yombhobho ngokwayo, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko.Iinkampani ezinamatyathanga exabiso e-branched zingaphuma kwishishini elilawulayo.Endaweni yokwenza i-tubing, emva koko ukugoba, ukugquma, kunye nokwenza amaqhina kunye neendibano, thenga i-tubing kwaye ugxininise kwezinye izinto.
Iinkampani ezininzi ezenza amacandelo e-hydraulic okanye i-automotive fluid pipe bundle zinemibhobho yazo yokusila.Ezinye zezi zityalo zingamatyala ngoku kunee-asethi.Abathengi kwixesha lobhubhane bathanda ukuqhuba kancinci kwaye uqikelelo lwentengiso yeemoto lukude kumanqanaba angaphambi kobhubhane.Imarike yeemoto inyanyaniswa namagama amabi anje ngokuvalwa, ukudodobala okunzulu kunye nokunqongophala.Kubenzi beemoto kunye nababoneleli babo, akukho sizathu sokulindela ukuba imeko yokubonelela iya kutshintsha ibe ngcono kwixesha elizayo.Ngokucacileyo, inani elandayo lezithuthi zombane kule ntengiso zineenxalenye ezimbalwa zentsimbi yokuqhuba iityhubhu.
I-tube yokusila i-gripping isoloko isenziwa ukuze iodolwe.Oku kuyinzuzo ngokwenjongo yabo ejoliswe kuyo - ukwenza imibhobho yezicelo ezithile - kodwa ukungonakali ngokwemiqathango yoqoqosho lwesikali.Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela umatshini wombhobho owenzelwe ukuvelisa iimveliso ze-OD ze-10 mm kwimveliso eyaziwayo yeemoto.Inkqubo iqinisekisa izicwangciso ezisekelwe kwivolumu.Kamva, inkqubo encinci kakhulu yongezwa enye ityhubhu enomlinganiselo ofanayo wangaphandle.Ixesha lihambile, inkqubo yokuqala iphelelwe lixesha, kwaye inkampani yayingenayo ivolumu eyaneleyo yokuthethelela inkqubo yesibini.Ufakelo kunye nezinye iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba zingathethelela.Kule meko, ukuba inkampani inokufumana umboneleli onobuchule, kufuneka izame ukukhupha iprojekthi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, izibalo azipheli kwindawo yokuqhawula.Amanyathelo okugqiba anjengokwaleka, ukusika ubude, kunye nokupakishwa kongeza kakhulu iindleko.Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa iindleko ezinkulu ezifihliweyo kwimveliso yetyhubhu ukuphatha.Ukuhambisa imibhobho ukusuka kwindawo yokusila ukuya kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla apho ithathwa kwi-warehouse kwaye ilayishwe kwi-slitting stand ecolekileyo kwaye ke imibhobho ibekwe ngokwemigangatho yokutyisa imibhobho kwi-cutter ibe nye ngexesha - konke oku Onke amanyathelo. zifuna umsebenzi Le ndleko yomsebenzi ayinakufumana ingqwalasela yomgcini-mali, kodwa izibonakalisa ngendlela yabaqhubi be-forklift eyongezelelweyo okanye abasebenzi abongezelelweyo kwisebe lonikezelo.
Irayisi.2. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-SAE-J525 kunye ne-SAE-J356A ziphantse zifane, ezinceda le yokugqibela ithathe indawo yangaphambili.
Imibhobho ye-hydraulic ijikeleze amawaka eminyaka.Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-4 000 eyadlulayo, amaYiputa ayesenza ucingo lobhedu.Imibhobho ye-bamboo yayisetyenziswa e-China ngexesha le-Xia Dynasty malunga ne-2000 BC.Kamva imibhobho yamanzi yaseRoma yakhiwa kusetyenziswa imibhobho yelothe, imveliso yenkqubo yokunyibilikisa isilivere.
engenamthungo.Imibhobho yentsimbi yanamhlanje engenamthungo yaqala ukuvela kuMntla Merika ngowe-1890. Ukususela ngowe-1890 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imveliso ekrwada yale nkqubo yibhilethi eyomeleleyo engqukuva.Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ekuqhutyweni okuqhubekayo kweebhilidi kwiminyaka ye-1950 kwakhokelela ekuguqulweni kweetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ukusuka kwiingots zetsimbi ukuya kwizinto ezinqabileyo zentsimbi zexesha - iibhilidi eziphosiweyo.Imibhobho ye-hydraulic, yakudala neyangoku, yenziwe ngokungenamthungo, i-voids ebandayo.Ihlelwe kwimarike yaseMntla Melika njenge-SAE-J524 nguMbutho weeNjineli zeZimoto kunye ne-ASTM-A519 nguMbutho waseMelika woVavanyo kunye neZixhobo.
Ukuveliswa kwemibhobho yehydraulic engenamthungo idla ngokuba yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, ngakumbi kwimibhobho edayamitha emincinci.Ifuna amandla amaninzi kwaye ifuna indawo eninzi.
ukuwelda.Ngeminyaka yee-1970 imarike yatshintsha.Emva kokulawula imarike yombhobho wentsimbi phantse iminyaka eli-100, imarike yemibhobho engenamthungo iye yancipha.Yayigcwele imibhobho edityanisiweyo, engqineke ifanelekile kwizicelo ezininzi zoomatshini kulwakhiwo kunye neemarike zeemoto.Ide ithathe indawo kwindawo eyayisakuba yiMecca - ilizwe lemibhobho yeoli negesi.
Izinto ezimbini ezintsha zibe negalelo kolu tshintsho kwimarike.Enye ibandakanya ukuphoswa ngokuqhubekayo kwee-slabs, ezivumela iintsimbi zentsimbi ukuba zivelise ubukhulu bomgangatho ophezulu we-flat strip.Enye into eyenza ukuxhathisa kwe-HF kube yinkqubo esebenzayo kushishino lwemibhobho.Isiphumo singumkhiqizo omtsha: umbhobho odityanisiweyo oneempawu ezifanayo njengokungenamthungo, kodwa ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneemveliso ezifanayo ezingenamthungo.Lo mbhobho usekwimveliso namhlanje kwaye uhlelwa njenge-SAE-J525 okanye i-ASTM-A513-T5 kwimarike yaseMntla Melika.Ekubeni ityhubhu izotyiwe kwaye ifakwe kwi-annealed, yimveliso enzima yobutyebi.Ezi nkqubo azikho njengabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi enkulu njengeenkqubo ezingenamthungo, kodwa iindleko ezinxulumene nazo zisaphezulu.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwemibhobho yolwelo olusebenza ngolwelo olusetyenziswa kwimarike yasekhaya, nokuba itsalwe ngaphandle komthungo (SAE-J524) okanye i-welded drawn (SAE-J525), ithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba sisiphumo somahluko omkhulu kwiindleko zabasebenzi kunye nentsimbi yemathiriyeli ekrwada phakathi kwe-US kunye namazwe athumela ngaphandle.Kwiminyaka engama-30-40 edlulileyo, ezi mveliso zifumaneka kubavelisi basekhaya, kodwa abazange bakwazi ukuzibeka njengomdlali obalaseleyo kule marike.Iindleko ezithandekayo zeemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ngumqobo omkhulu.
imarike yangoku.Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso engenamthungo, ezotyiweyo kunye ne-annealed i-J524 kuye kwehla kancinci ekuhambeni kweminyaka.Isafumaneka kwaye inendawo yokuthengisa umgca we-hydraulic, kodwa ii-OEM zivame ukukhetha i-J525 ukuba i-welded, itsaliwe kwaye ifakwe i-J525 ifumaneka ngokulula.
Ubhubhane wabetha kwaye imarike yatshintsha kwakhona.Unikezelo lwehlabathi jikelele lwabasebenzi, intsimbi kunye nolungiselelo luhla malunga nesantya esifanayo nokwehla kwemfuno yemoto ekhankanywe ngasentla.Kukwasebenza okufanayo kunikezelo lwemibhobho yeoli ye-hydraulic J525 ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Xa kujongwa olu phuhliso, urhwebo lwangaphakathi lubonakala lulungele olunye utshintsho kwimarike.Ngaba ikulungele ukuvelisa enye imveliso engenamsebenzi omninzi kune-welding, umzobo kunye nemibhobho yokufaka i-annealing?Enye ikhona, nangona ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Le yi-SAE-J356A, ehlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo ezininzi ze-hydraulic (jonga umzobo 1).
Iinkcukacha ezipapashwe yi-SAE zithande ukuba mfutshane kwaye zilula, njengoko inkcazo nganye ichaza inkqubo enye yokwenziwa kwetyhubhu.Icala elisezantsi kukuba i-J525 kunye ne-J356A zifana kakhulu ngokobukhulu, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nolunye ulwazi, ngoko ke ii-specs zinokubhida.Ukongeza, imveliso ye-J356A ye-spiral yemigca encinci ye-hydraulic ye-hydraulic iyahluka kwi-J356, kwaye umbhobho othe tye usetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemibhobho emikhulu ye-hydraulic.
Umzobo 3. Nangona imibhobho edityanisiweyo kunye nebandayo edibeneyo ithathwa ngabaninzi ukuba iphezulu kunemibhobho edibeneyo kunye nebandayo, iimpawu zomatshini zeemveliso ezimbini ze-tubular zifaniswa.PHAWULA.Amaxabiso e-Imperial ukuya kwi-PSI aguqulwa athambileyo ukusuka kwiinkcukacha ezizixabiso zemetric ukuya kwiMPa.
Ezinye iinjineli zithatha i-J525 njengeyona ibalaseleyo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezicelo zehydraulic ezifana nezixhobo ezinzima.I-J356A ayaziwa kakhulu kodwa ikwasebenza kwiibheringi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Ngamanye amaxesha iimfuno zokugqiba ziyahluka: I-J525 ayinayo i-ID ye-ID, ngelixa i-J356A iqhutywe kwakhona kwaye ine-ID encinci ye-ID.
Izinto eziluhlaza zineempawu ezifanayo (jonga umfanekiso 2).Umahluko omncinci ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali uhambelana neempawu ezifunwayo zoomatshini.Ukuze ufezekise iimpawu ezithile zoomatshini njengamandla okuqina okanye amandla okugqibela (i-UTS), ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali okanye unyango olushushu lwentsimbi lukhawulelwe ukufumana iziphumo ezithile.
Ezi ntlobo zemibhobho zabelana ngesethi efanayo yeempawu eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini, okwenza ukuba zitshintshwe kwizicelo ezininzi (jonga uMzobo 3).Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba enye ilahlekile, enye inokuba yanele.Akukho mntu kufuneka abuyisele ivili, ishishini sele lineseti eqinileyo, elinganayo yamavili.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yasungulwa ngo-1990 njengemagazini yokuqala enikezelwe kushishino lwemibhobho yesinyithi.Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, isekuphela kwempapasho yoshishino kuMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngowona mthombo uthembekileyo wolwazi lwabasebenzi betyhubhu.
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Inxalenye yesi-2 yoluhlu lwethu olubini kunye noRay Ripple, igcisa lentsimbi yeTexan kunye ne-welder, uyaqhubeka ...
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-06-2023