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Ubonisa ikharawusi yezilayidi ezithathu ngaxeshanye.Sebenzisa amaqhosha angaphambili nalandelayo ukutyhutyha izilayidi ezithathu ngexesha, okanye sebenzisa amaqhosha esilayidi ekupheleni ukuya kwizilayidi ezithathu ngexesha.
Kolu phononongo, indlela yaphuhliswa ukumiselwa kwangaxeshanye kweephenol eziguquguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi okusela kusetyenziswa i-flow analyzer.Iisampulu zaqala zagalelwa kwi-145°C.I-phenol kwi-distillate emva koko isabela nge-basic ferricyanide kunye ne-4-aminoantipyrine ukwenza i-complex ebomvu, elinganiswa nge-colorimetrically kwi-505 nm.I-cyanide kwi-distillate idibana ne-chloramine T ukuze yenze i-cyanochloride, ethi emva koko yenze i-blue complex ene-pyridinecarboxylic acid, elinganiswa nge-colorimetrically kwi-630 nm.I-anionic surfactants isabela ngesiseko se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwenza ikhompawundi ekhutshwa ngeklorofomu kwaye ihlanjwe nge-acidic methylene blue ukususa izinto eziphazamisayo.Iikhompawundi eziluhlaza kwiklorofomu zichongwe ngokombala kwi-660 nm.Kwimeko-bume yealkaline enobude obungama-660 nm, i-ammonia ithatha i-salicylate kunye neklorini kwi-dichloroisocyanuric acid yenze i-indophenol blue ku-37 °C.Kwiindawo ezixinzelelekileyo ze-phenols eziguquguqukayo kunye ne-cyanides kuluhlu lwe-2-100 µg / l, ukuphambuka komgangatho ohambelanayo kwakuyi-0.75-6.10% kunye ne-0.36-5.41%, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela libe yi-96.2-103.6% kunye ne-96.0-102.4% kunye ne-96.0-102.4% .%.I-coefficient yolungelelaniso lomgca ≥ 0.9999, imida yokubona 1.2 µg/L kunye ne-0.9 µg/L.Ukutenxa kwimigangatho enxulumeneyo bekuyi-0.27–4.86% kunye ne-0.33–5.39%, kwaye ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwaba ngama-93.7–107.0% kunye nama-94.4–101.7%.Kuxinaniso lwe-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen 10 ~ 1000 μg / l.I-coefficients yokulungelelaniswa komgca yayiyi-0.9995 kunye ne-0.9999, imida yokubona yayiyi-10.7 µg/l kunye ne-7.3 µg/l, ngokulandelanayo.Akukho mahluko ngokwamanani xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yomgangatho wesizwe.Indlela igcina ixesha kunye nomgudu, inomda wokufumanisa ophantsi, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka, ukungcoliswa okuncinci, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuhlalutya kunye nokuzimisela kweesampuli ezinkulu.
Iiphenoli eziguquguqukayo, iicyanides, i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonium nitrogen1 ziziphawuli ze-organoleptic, izinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-metalloid emanzini okusela.Iikhompawundi ze-Phenolic zisisiseko sokwakha iikhemikhali kwizicelo ezininzi, kodwa i-phenol kunye ne-homologues zayo zikwayityhefu kwaye kunzima ukubola.Ziyakhutshwa ngexesha leenkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso kwaye ziye zaba zizingcolisi eziqhelekileyo zokusingqongileyo2,3.Izinto ezinobuthi kakhulu zephenolic zinokufunxwa emzimbeni ngolusu kunye nezitho zokuphefumla.Uninzi lwazo lulahlekelwa yityhefu ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu, kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe kumchamo.Nangona kunjalo, xa izakhono zokunciphisa umzimba zigqithiswa, iinxalenye ezingaphezulu zinokuqokelelana kumalungu ahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu, ezikhokelela kwityhefu engapheliyo, intloko ebuhlungu, irhashalala, ukurhawuzelelwa kwesikhumba, ukuxhalaba kwengqondo, i-anemia, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-neurological 4, 5, 6,7.I-Cyanide iyingozi kakhulu, kodwa ixhaphake kwindalo.Ukutya okuninzi kunye nezityalo ziqulethe icyanide, enokuveliswa ngezinye iibhaktheriya, umngundo okanye i-algae8,9.Kwiimveliso zokuhlanjululwa ezifana neshampu kunye nokuhlamba umzimba, ii-anionic surfactants zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza lula ukucocwa kuba zibonelela ngezi mveliso ngomgangatho ophezulu we-lather kunye ne-foam efunwa ngabathengi.Nangona kunjalo, ii-surfactants ezininzi zinokucaphukisa isikhumba10,11.Amanzi okusela, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amanzi aphezu komhlaba kunye namanzi amdaka anenitrogen ekwimo yeammonia yasimahla (NH3) kunye neetyuwa zeammonium (NH4+), ezaziwa njenge ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N).Iimveliso ezibolileyo ze-nitrogen-eziqulathe i-organic matter kumanzi amdaka asekhaya yi-microorganisms ikakhulu ziphuma kumanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso afana ne-coking kunye ne-synthetic ammonia, eyinxalenye ye-ammoniacal nitrogen emanzini12,13,14.Iindlela ezininzi, kuquka i-spectrophotometry15,16,17, i-chromatography18,19,20,21 kunye ne-injection ye-flow15,22,23,24 ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezi zingcoliso ezine emanzini.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela, i-spectrophotometry yeyona idumileyo1.Olu phononongo lusebenzise iimodyuli ezine zamatshaneli amabini ukuvavanya ngaxeshanye i-phenols eguquguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants, kunye ne-sulfides.
I-AA500 eqhubekayo yokuhlaziya i-analyzer (SEAL, eJamani), i-SL252 ibhalansi ye-elektroniki (i-Shanghai Mingqiao Electronic Instrument Factory, e-China), kunye ne-Milli-Q ultrapure meter yamanzi (i-Merck Millipore, e-USA) isetyenzisiwe.Zonke iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswe kulo msebenzi zazikwibakala lokuhlalutya, kwaye amanzi adityanisiweyo asetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimvavanyo.I-Hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-boric acid, i-chloroform, i-ethanol, i-sodium tetraborate, i-isonicotinic acid kunye ne-4-aminoantipyrine yathengwa kwi-Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (eChina).I-Triton X-100, i-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-potassium chloride zathengwa kwi-Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (e-China).I-Potassium ferricyanide, i-nitroprusside ye-sodium, i-salicylate ye-sodium kunye ne-N, i-N-dimethylformamide yanikezelwa yi-Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (eChina).I-Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, i-disodium hydrogen phosphate, i-pyrazolone kunye ne-methylene blue trihydrate zathengwa kwi-Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (eChina).I-Trisodium citrate dihydrate, i-polyoxyethylene lauryl ether kunye ne-sodium dichloroisocyanurate zathengwa kwi-Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (eChina).Izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zeephenols eziguquguqukayo, iicyanides, i-anionic surfactants, kunye ne-aqueous ammonia nitrogen zathengwa kwiChina Institute of Metrology.
I-Distillation Reagent: Nciphisa i-160 ml ye-phosphoric acid ukuya kwi-1000 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo.Isithinteli sokugcina: Yenza umlinganiselo we-9 g ye-boric acid, i-5 g ye-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-10 g ye-potassium chloride kwaye udibanise kwi-1000 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo.I-Absorption Reagent (ihlaziywa ngeveki): Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-200 ml ye-stock buffer, yongeza i-1 ml 50% i-Triton X-100 (v / v, i-Triton X-100 / i-ethanol) kwaye usebenzise emva kokucoca nge-0.45 µm ye-filter membrane.I-Potassium ferricyanide (ehlaziywa qho ngeveki): Ubunzima be-0.15 g ye-potassium ferricyanide kwaye inyibilikise kwi-200 ml ye-reserve buffer, yongeza i-1 ml ye-50% ye-Triton X-100, hluza nge-0.45 µm inwebu yesihluzo phambi kokusetyenziswa.I-4-Aminoantipyrine (ehlaziywa qho ngeveki): Ubunzima be-0.2 g ye-4-aminoantipyrine kwaye inyibilike kwi-200 ml yesithinteli sesitokhwe, yongeza i-1 ml ye-50% ye-Triton X-100, hluza nge-0.45 µm ye-membrane yokucoca.
I-Reagent ye-distillation: i-phenol eguqukayo.Isinyibiliko se-buffer: Kala i-3 g ye-potassium dihydrogen phosphate, i-15 g ye-disodium hydrogen phosphate kunye ne-3 g ye-trisodium citrate dihydrate kwaye unyibilike kwi-1000 ml ngamanzi adiyoni.Emva koko yongeza i-2 ml ye-50% ye-Triton X-100.I-Chloramine T: Ubunzima be-0.2 g ye-chloramine T kwaye udibanise kwi-200 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo.I-Chromogenic reagent: I-Chromogenic reagent A: Ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-1.5 g yepyrazolone kwi-20 ml ye-N, N-dimethylformamide.Umthuthukisi B: Dissolve 3.5 g ye-hionicotinic acid kunye ne-6 ml ye-5 M NaOH kwi-100 ml yamanzi adibeneyo.Hlanganisa i-Developer A kunye ne-Developer B ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, lungisa i-pH kwi-7.0 kunye nesisombululo se-NaOH okanye isisombululo se-HCl, uze uhlambulule kwi-200 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo kunye nesihlungi sokusetyenziswa kamva.
Isisombululo se-buffer: Chitha i-10 g ye-sodium tetraborate kunye ne-2 g ye-sodium hydroxide emanzini adibeneyo kwaye udibanise kwi-1000 ml.I-0.025% isisombululo se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Dissolve 0.05 g ye-methylene blue trihydrate kumanzi adibeneyo kwaye wenze i-200 ml.I-Methylene blue stock buffer (ehlaziywa yonke imihla): xuba i-20 ml ye-0.025% isisombululo se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-100 ml kunye ne-stock buffer.Dlulisela kwi-funnel eyahlulayo, hlamba nge-20 ml ye-chloroform, ulahle i-chloroform esetyenzisiweyo kwaye uhlambe nge-chloroform entsha kuze kube yilapho umbala obomvu woluhlu lwe-chloroform uphela (ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha ama-3), uze ucofe.I-Methylene Blue esisiseko: Nciphisa i-60 ml isisombululo se-methylene blue stock ehluziweyo kwi-200 ml yesisombululo sesitokisi, yongeza i-ethanol engama-20 ml, udibanise kakuhle kunye ne-degas.I-Acid methylene blue: Yongeza i-2 ml ye-0.025% yesisombululo se-methylene blue malunga ne-150 ml yamanzi adibeneyo, yongeza i-1.0 ml ye-1% ye-H2SO4 kwaye emva koko uhlambulule kwi-200 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo.Emva koko yongeza i-80 ml ye-ethanol, xuba kakuhle kunye ne-degas.
I-20% ye-polyoxyethylene isisombululo se-lauryl ether: Ukulinganisa i-20 g ye-polyoxyethylene lauryl ether kwaye udibanise kwi-1000 ml ngamanzi adibeneyo.Isithinteli: Kala i-20 g ye-trisodium citrate, dilute ukuya kwi-500 ml ngamanzi adiyoni kwaye wongeze i-1.0 ml ye-20% ye-polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.Isisombululo se-sodium salicylate (ehlaziywa ngeveki): Ukulinganisa i-20 g ye-sodium salicylate kunye ne-0.5 g ye-potassium ferricyanide nitrite kwaye ichithe kwi-500 ml yamanzi adibeneyo.Isisombululo se-sodium dichloroisocyanurate (ehlaziywa ngeveki): Ukulinganisa i-10 g ye-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-1.5 g ye-sodium dichloroisocyanurate kwaye uchithe kwi-500 ml yamanzi adibeneyo.
Imigangatho eguquguqukayo yephenol kunye necyanide elungiselelwe njengezisombululo ze-0 µg/l, 2 µg/l, 5 µg/l, 10 µg/l, 25 µg/l, 50 µg/l, 75 µg/l kunye ne-100 µg/l, usebenzisa I-0.01 M isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide.I-Anionic surfactant kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen umgangatho zalungiswa kusetyenziswa amanzi adiyoni 0 µg/L, 10 µg/L, 50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 250 µg/L, 500 µg/L, 750 µg/l kunye ne-1g/l .isisombululo.
Qala itanki yomjikelo wokupholisa, emva koko (ngolungelelwano) vula ikhompyuter, isampula kunye namandla kwinginginya ye-AA500, jonga ukuba umbhobho uqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo, faka umbhobho womoya kwivalve yomoya, vala ipleyiti yoxinzelelo lwempompo yeperistaltic, faka umbhobho wereagent emanzini acocekileyo phakathi.Qalisa isoftware, sebenzisa ifestile yetshaneli ehambelanayo kwaye ujonge ukuba iipayipi zokuxhuma zixhunyiwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na izikhewu okanye ukuvuza komoya.Ukuba akukho kuvuza, funa i-reagent efanelekileyo.Emva kokuba isiseko sefestile yetshaneli izinzile, khetha kwaye usebenzise ifayile yendlela echaziweyo yokufumanisa kunye nohlalutyo.Imiqathango yesixhobo iboniswe kwiThebhile 1.
Kule ndlela ezenzekelayo yokumisela i-phenol kunye ne-cyanide, iisampuli ziqala ukuchithwa kwi-145 °C.I-phenol kwi-distillate emva koko isabela nge-basic ferricyanide kunye ne-4-aminoantipyrine ukwenza i-complex ebomvu, elinganiswa nge-colorimetrically kwi-505 nm.I-cyanide kwi-distillate emva koko isabela kunye ne-chloramine T ukwenza i-cyanochloride, eyenza i-blue complex ene-pyridinecarboxylic acid, elinganiswa nge-colorimetrically kwi-630 nm.I-anionic surfactants isabela ngesiseko se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwenza iikhompawundi ezitsalwa ngeklorofomu kwaye zahlulwe sisahluli sesigaba.Isigaba se-chloroform saye sahlanjwa nge-acidic methylene blue ukususa izinto eziphazamisayo kwaye yahlulwe kwakhona kwisigaba sesibini sokwahlula.Ukuzimisela kombala we-blue compounds kwi-chloroform kwi-660 nm.Ngokusekwe kwi-reaction ye-Berthelot, i-ammonia iphendula kunye ne-salicylate kunye ne-chlorine kwi-dichloroisocyanuric acid kwi-alkaline medium kuma-37 °C ukwenza i-indophenol blue.I-nitroprusside ye-sodium isetyenziswe njenge-catalyst kwi-reaction, kwaye umbala obangelwayo ulinganiswe kwi-660 nm.Umgaqo wale ndlela uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umzobo weSchematic wendlela yesampulu eqhubekayo yokumisela i-phenols eguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-nitrogen ye-ammoniacal.
Ukuxinwa kwee-phenols eziguquguqukayo kunye ne-cyanides ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-100 µg / l, i-coefficient yolungelelaniso lomgca 1.000, i-regression equation y = (3.888331E + 005) x + (9.938599E + 003).I-coefficient yokulungelelanisa ye-cyanide yi-1.000 kunye ne-regression equation ngu-y = (3.551656E + 005) x + (9.951319E + 003).I-anionic surfactant inokuxhomekeka kakuhle kumgama kugxininiso lwe-ammonia nitrogen kuluhlu lwe-10-1000 µg/L.I-coefficients yokulungelelanisa ye-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen yayiyi-0.9995 kunye ne-0.9999, ngokulandelanayo.Ukubuyisela ukulinganisa: y = (2.181170E + 004)x + (1.144847E + 004) kunye y = (2.375085E + 004) x + (9.631056E + 003), ngokulandelanayo.Isampuli yokulawula yayisoloko ilinganiswe ngamaxesha e-11, kwaye umda wokufumanisa indlela yahlulahlulwe ngokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-3 yesampuli yokulawula kwi-slope ye-curve standard.Imida yokubona i-phenols eguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants, kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen yayiyi-1.2 µg/l, 0.9 µg/l, 10.7 µg/l, kunye ne-7.3 µg/l, ngokulandelelanayo.Umda wokufumanisa ungaphantsi kunendlela esemgangathweni yelizwe, jonga iThebhile 2 ngeenkcukacha.
Yongeza izisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ophakathi, kunye nophantsi kwiisampulu zamanzi ezingenalo ikhondo labahlalutyi.I-Intraday kunye ne-interday recovery kunye nokuchaneka kubalwe emva kwemilinganiselo ezisixhenxe ezilandelelanayo.Njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 3, i-intraday kunye ne-intraday volatile phenol extractions yi-98.0-103.6% kunye ne-96.2-102.0%, ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-0.75-2.80% kunye ne-1. 27-6.10%.I-intraday kunye ne-interday cyanide recovery yi-101.0-102.0% kunye ne-96.0-102.4%, ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokuphambuka komgangatho ohambelana ne-0.36-2.26% kunye ne-2.36-5.41%, ngokulandelanayo.Ukongezelela, i-intraday kunye ne-interday extractions ye-anionic surfactants yayiyi-94.3-107.0% kunye ne-93.7-101.6%, ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-0.27-0.96% kunye ne-4.44-4.86%.Ekugqibeleni, ukubuyiswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ye-intra- kunye ne-inter-day yi-98.0-101.7% kunye ne-94.4-97.8%, ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokuphambuka okusemgangathweni kwe-0.33-3.13% kunye ne-4.45-5.39%, ngokulandelanayo.njengoko kubonisiwe kuLuhlu 3.
Uninzi lweendlela zokuvavanya, kubandakanywa i-spectrophotometry15,16,17 kunye ne-chromatography25,26, zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinto ezine ezingcolisayo emanzini.I-Chemical spectrophotometry yindlela esanda kuphandwa yokufumanisa ezi zinto zingcolileyo, ezifunwa yimigangatho yesizwe 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Ifuna amanyathelo afana ne-distillation kunye ne-extraction, okubangelwa inkqubo ende kunye nokunganeliseki ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuchaneka.Okuhle, ukuchaneka okubi.Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwemichiza ephilayo kunokubangela ingozi kwimpilo kwabo balingayo.Nangona i-chromatography ikhawuleza, ilula, iyasebenza, kwaye inemida yokufumanisa ephantsi, ayikwazi ukubona iikhompawundi ezine ngexesha elinye.Nangona kunjalo, iimeko eziguquguqukayo ezingalinganiyo zisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali zisebenzisa i-spectrophotometry eqhubekayo, esekelwe ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kwegesi ngexesha lokuhamba kwesisombululo sesampuli, ukongeza i-reagents kwimilinganiselo efanelekileyo kunye nokulandelelana ngelixa ugqibezela ukusabela nge-loop yokuxuba. kwaye uyibhaqe kwi-spectrophotometer, ngaphambili ukususa amaqamza omoya.Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokufumanisa izenzekelayo, iisampulu zichithwa kwaye zibuyiselwa kwi-intanethi kwindawo evaliweyo.Indlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle, inciphisa ngakumbi ixesha lokubona, yenza lula imisebenzi, inciphise ukungcoliseka kwe-reagent, inyusa uvakalelo kunye nomda wokufumanisa indlela.
I-anionic surfactant kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen zibandakanyiwe kwimveliso yovavanyo oludityanisiweyo kuxinzelelo lwe-250 µg/L.Sebenzisa into esemgangathweni ukuguqula i-phenol eguqukayo kunye ne-cyanide kwizinto zovavanyo kuxinzelelo lwe-10 µg/L.Ukuhlalutya kunye nokufumanisa, indlela yomgangatho wesizwe kunye nale ndlela isetyenzisiweyo (i-6 parallel experiments).Iziphumo zezi ndlela zimbini zithelekiswe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-t oluzimeleyo.Njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 4, akukho mmahluko omkhulu phakathi kweendlela ezimbini (P> 0.05).
Olu phononongo lusebenzise uhlalutyo oluqhubekayo lokuhlalutya kwangaxeshanye kunye nokufumanisa i-phenols eguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba umthamo wesampulu osetyenziswe ngumhlalutyi oqhubekayo wokuhamba uphantsi kunendlela esemgangathweni yesizwe.Ikwanayo nemida esezantsi yokubhaqwa, isebenzisa i-80% yee-reagents ezimbalwa, ifuna ixesha elincinci lokucwangcisa iisampulu nganye, kwaye isebenzisa i-carcinogenic chloroform encinci kakhulu.Ukusetyenzwa kwe-Intanethi kuhlanganisiwe kwaye kuyazenzekela.Ukuhamba okuqhubekayo ngokuzenzekelayo kunqwenela i-reagents kunye neesampuli, emva koko ixutywe ngesekethe yokuxuba, ishushu ngokuzenzekelayo, ikhuphe kwaye ibale nge-colorimetry.Inkqubo yovavanyo iqhutyelwa kwinkqubo evaliweyo, ekhawuleza ixesha lokuhlalutya, inciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kwaye inceda ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabavavanyi.Amanyathelo okusebenza antsonkothileyo afana nokuchithwa ngesandla kunye nokutsalwa akufuneki22,32.Nangona kunjalo, imibhobho yesixhobo kunye nezixhobo zintsonkothile, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ngokulula ukungazinzi kwenkqubo.Kukho amanyathelo abalulekileyo onokuthi uwathathe ukuphucula ukuchaneka kweziphumo zakho kwaye uthintele ukuphazamiseka kuvavanyo lwakho.(1) Ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo kufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo xa kumiselwa i-phenols eguqukayo kunye ne-cyanides.I-pH kufuneka ibe malunga ne-2 phambi kokuba ingene kwikhoyili ye-distillation.Kwi-pH> 3, ii-amines ezinuka kamnandi zinokukhutshwa, kwaye ukusabela nge-4-aminoantipyrine kunokunika iimpazamo.Kwakhona kwi-pH> 2.5, ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwe-K3[Fe(CN)6] kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-90%.Iisampuli ezinomxholo wetyuwa ongaphezu kwe-10 g / l zinokuvala ikhoyili ye-distillation kwaye ibangele iingxaki.Kule meko, amanzi ahlambulukileyo kufuneka afakwe ukunciphisa umxholo wetyuwa wesampuli33.(2) Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokuchaphazela ukuchongwa kwe-anionic surfactants: Iikhemikhali ze-cationic zingenza ii-ion pairs ezinamandla kunye ne-anionic surfactants.Iziphumo nazo zinokuthi zikhetheke xa kukho: i-humic acid concentrations enkulu kune-20 mg/l;iikhompawundi ezinomsebenzi omphezulu ophezulu (umz. ezinye ii-surfactants) > 50 mg/l;izinto ezinamandla okunciphisa amandla (SO32-, S2O32- kunye ne-OCl-);izinto ezenza iimolekyuli ezinemibala, i-soluble kwi-chloroform nayo nayiphi na i-reagent;ezinye anion inorganic (chloride, bromide kunye nitrate) emanzini amdaka34,35.(3) Xa ubala i-ammonia nitrogen, i-amines ephantsi ye-molecular weight kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ekubeni iimpendulo zabo nge-ammonia zifana, kwaye umphumo uya kuba phezulu.Ukuphazamiseka kunokwenzeka ukuba i-pH yomxube wokusabela ingaphantsi kwe-12.6 emva kokuba zonke izisombululo ze-reagent zongezwa.Iisampulu ezineasidi ephezulu kunye nezithintelweyo zikholisa ukubangela oku.I-ion zetsimbi ezihamba njenge-hydroxides kwiindawo eziphezulu zingakhokelela ekuveliseni okubi36,37.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba indlela yokuhlalutya okuqhubekayo kokuhamba okuhambayo kokumiselwa kwangaxeshanye kweephenols eziguquguqukayo, i-cyanides, i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen emanzini okusela inomgca olungileyo, umda wokufumanisa ophantsi, ukuchaneka okulungileyo kunye nokubuyisela.Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwindlela yomgangatho wesizwe.Le ndlela ibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo, ebuthathaka, echanekileyo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa yokuhlalutya kunye nokuzimisela kwenani elikhulu leesampuli zamanzi.Kufanelekile ngokukhethekileyo ukufumanisa amacandelo amane ngexesha elinye, kwaye ukufumanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuphuculwe kakhulu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-22-2023