I-SS 304 ingenamthungo kunye ne-316 yentsimbi engatyiwayo iCoiled Tube umthengisi eTshayina

Njengoko uxinzelelo lweemarike lunyanzelisa umbhobho kunye nabavelisi bombhobho ukuba bafumane iindlela zokwandisa imveliso ngelixa behlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho, ukukhetha iindlela zokulawula ezingcono kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.Ngelixa abaninzi abavelisi betyhubhu kunye nemibhobho baxhomekeke ekuhlolweni kokugqibela, kwiimeko ezininzi abavelisi bavavanya kwangethuba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukukhangela imathiriyeli okanye iziphene zokwenziwa komsebenzi kwangoko.Oku akugcini nje ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kodwa kunciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene nokulahlwa kwezinto ezineziphene.Le ndlela ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kwingeniso ephezulu.Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ukongeza inkqubo yovavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT) kwiplanti yenza ingqiqo yezoqoqosho.

Izinto ezininzi-uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ububanzi, ubukhulu bodonga, isantya sokucubungula, kunye ne-welding yepayipi okanye indlela yokwenza-imisela uvavanyo olungcono.Ezi zinto zikwachaphazela ukhetho lweempawu zendlela yokulawula esetyenziswayo.
Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET) lusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi zombhobho.Olu luvavanyo olungabizi kakhulu olunokusetyenziswa kwimibhobho eludongeni ebhityileyo, ngokwesiqhelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.250 intshi yobukhulu bodonga.Ifanelekile kwizinto zombini zemagneti kunye ne-non-magnetic.
Izinzwa okanye iikhoyili zovavanyo ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-annular kunye ne-tangential.Iikhoyili ezijikelezayo zihlola lonke icandelo lomnqamlezo lombhobho, ngelixa iikhoyili ezijikelezayo zihlola kuphela indawo ye-weld.
Ii-spools zokusonga zifumanisa iziphene kuwo wonke umcu ongenayo, hayi nje indawo ye-weld, kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi ekuhloleni ubungakanani obungaphantsi kwee-intshi ezi-2 ububanzi.Bakwanyamezela ukufuduswa kwendawo ye-weld.Eyona nto ingalunganga kukuba ukudlulisa umtya wesondlo kwi-rolling mill kufuna amanyathelo angaphezulu kunye nokhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba udlule kwii-rolling rolls.Kwakhona, ukuba i-coil yokuvavanya iqinile kububanzi, i-weld embi inokubangela ukuba ityhubhu ihlukane, okubangele umonakalo kwi-coil yokuvavanya.
Ukujika kweTangential kuhlola icandelo elincinci lomjikelezo wombhobho.Ukusetyenziswa kwedayamitha enkulu, ukusebenzisa iikhoyili ezijijekileyo kuneekhoyili ezijijekileyo ziya kunika umlinganiselo ongcono wesignali ukuya kwingxolo (umlinganiselo wamandla omqondiso wovavanyo ngokuchasene nomqondiso omileyo ongasemva).Iikhoyili zeTangential nazo azifuni ntambo kwaye kulula ukuzilinganisa ngaphandle kwefektri.I-downside kukuba bajonga kuphela amanqaku e-solder.Ifanelekile kwimibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu, ingasetyenziselwa imibhobho encinci ukuba indawo ye-welding ilawulwa kakuhle.
Iikhoyili zalo naluphi na uhlobo zinokuvavanywa kwikhefu eliphakathi.Ukujonga i-defect, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-zero checking okanye ukujonga umahluko, ngokuqhubekayo uthelekisa i-weld kwiindawo ezikufutshane zesiseko sesinyithi kwaye inovakalelo kwiinguqu ezincinci ezibangelwa kukuyeka.Ilungele ukufumanisa iziphene ezimfutshane ezifana nemingxuma yepini okanye i-welds engekhoyo, eyona ndlela iphambili esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi zokusila.
Uvavanyo lwesibini, indlela epheleleyo, ifumana ukungalungi kwe-verbosity.Le ndlela ilula ye-ET ifuna ukuba umqhubi alinganise ngekhompyutha inkqubo kwizinto ezilungileyo.Ukongeza ekuboneni utshintsho olurhabaxa oluqhubekayo, iphinda ibone utshintsho kubunzima bodonga.
Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela zimbini zeET akufuneki kube yingxaki.Zingasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye ngekhoyili enye yovavanyo ukuba isixhobo sixhotyiselwe ukwenza njalo.
Ekugqibeleni, indawo ebonakalayo yomvavanyi ibalulekile.Iipropati ezifana nobushushu be-ambient kunye nokungcangcazela kwe-mill ezithunyelwa kwi-tube kunokuchaphazela ukubekwa.Ukubeka i-coil yokuvavanya ecaleni kwegumbi le-welding linika umqhubi ulwazi olukhawulezayo malunga nenkqubo ye-welding.Nangona kunjalo, izinzwa zokumelana nobushushu okanye ukupholisa okongeziweyo kunokufuneka.Ukubeka i-coil yokuvavanya kufuphi nesiphelo somatshini kuvumela ukufunyanwa kweziphene ezibangelwa ukulinganisa okanye ukubunjwa;nangona kunjalo, amathuba okuba i-alamu yobuxoki iphezulu ngenxa yokuba inzwa ifumaneka kufuphi nenkqubo yokunqunyulwa kule ndawo, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ibone ukungcangcazela xa i-sawing okanye ukusika.
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) lusebenzisa i-pulses yamandla ombane kwaye luwaguqulele kumandla omsindo aphezulu.La maza esandi agqithiselwa kwizinto eziphantsi kovavanyo ngokusebenzisa isiphakathi esinjengamanzi okanye isisila sokupholisa.Isandi sisalathiso, ukuqhelaniswa kwe-transducer kugqiba ukuba inkqubo ikhangele iziphene okanye ukulinganisa ubuninzi bodonga.Iseti yee-transducers idala i-contours ye-welding zone.Indlela ye-ultrasonic ayikhawulwanga ngobunzima bodonga lombhobho.
Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-UT njengesixhobo sokulinganisa, umqhubi kufuneka aqondise i-transducer ukwenzela ukuba i-perpendicular kumbhobho.Amaza omsindo angena kububanzi obungaphandle bombhobho, agxumeke ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, aze abuyele kwi-transducer.Le nkqubo ilinganisa ixesha lokuhamba—ixesha elithatha iliza lesandi ukusuka kububanzi obungaphandle ukuya kububanzi obungaphakathi—ize iguqule elo xesha libe ngumlinganiselo wobungqingqwa.Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusila, olu seto luvumela imilinganiselo yobukhulu bodonga ukuba ichaneke ukuya ku-± 0.001 kwi.
Ukubona iziphene zezinto eziphathekayo, umqhubi uqondisa inzwa kwi-oblique angle.Amaza omsindo angena ukusuka kwidayamitha yangaphandle, ehamba ukuya kububanzi obungaphakathi, abonakaliswe emva kububanzi obungaphandle, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ahambe eludongeni.Ukungalingani kwe-weld kubangela ukubonakaliswa kwezandi zesandi;ibuyisela ngendlela efanayo kwisiguquli, esiyiguqulela kwakhona kumandla ombane kwaye yenze umboniso obonakalayo obonisa indawo yesiphene.Umqondiso uphinde udlule kumasango anesiphene abangela i-alamu ukuba yazise umqhubi, okanye iqalise inkqubo yepeyinti ephawula indawo yesiphene.
Iinkqubo ze-UT zingasebenzisa i-transducer enye (okanye i-multiple element enye i-transducers) okanye i-pased array of transducers.
Ii-UTs zesiNtu zisebenzisa i-sensor enye okanye ngaphezulu enye.Inani leeprobes lixhomekeke kubude obulindelekileyo besiphene, isantya somgca kunye nezinye iimfuno zovavanyo.
I-pased array ultrasonic analyzer isebenzisa izinto ezininzi ze-transducer kwindlu enye.Inkqubo yokulawula nge-elektroniki iqondisa amaza omsindo ukuskena indawo ye-weld ngaphandle kokutshintsha indawo ye-transducer.Inkqubo inokwenza imisebenzi efana nokufumanisa isiphene, ukulinganisa ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nokulandelela utshintsho ekucoceni amadangatye kwiindawo ezidibeneyo.Ezi ndlela zovavanyo kunye nemilinganiselo zinokwenziwa kakhulu ngaxeshanye.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-pased array approach inokunyamezela enye i-welding drift ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lunokugubungela indawo enkulu kunezoluvo lwendawo ezisisigxina.
Indlela yesithathu yokuvavanya engonakalisiyo, iMagnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya imibhobho enobubanzi obukhulu, engqindilili kunye nemagnethi.Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kweoli kunye negesi.
I-MFL isebenzisa indawo eyomeleleyo ye-DC magnetic edlula kumbhobho okanye udonga lombhobho.Amandla omhlaba wemagnethi asondela kwi-saturation epheleleyo, okanye indawo apho naluphi na ukwanda kwamandla okwenza imagnethi akubangeli ukwanda okubonakalayo koxinzelelo lwemagnethi.Xa i-magnetic flux ingqubana nesiphene kwinto ethile, ukugqwethwa okubangelwa yimagnethi kunokubangela ukuba ibhabhe okanye iqamze isuke kumphezulu.
Amaqamza omoya anjalo anokubonwa ngokusebenzisa i-probe yocingo elula kunye nemagnethi.Njengezinye iinkqubo zoluvo lwemagnethi, inkqubo ifuna intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwesixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo kunye neprobe.Le ntshukumo iphunyezwa ngokujikeleza i-magnet kunye nendibano ye-probe malunga nomjikelezo wombhobho okanye umbhobho.Ukwandisa isantya sokucubungula kwiifakelo ezinjalo, abenzi boluvo olongezelelweyo (kwakhona, uluhlu) okanye uluhlu oluninzi lusetyenziswa.
Ibhloko ye-MFL ejikelezayo inokubona iziphene ze-longitudinal okanye ezinqamlezayo.Umahluko ulele kwi-orientation yesakhiwo semagnetization kunye noyilo lweprobe.Kuzo zombini iimeko, isihlungi somqondiso siphatha inkqubo yokubona iziphene kunye nokwahlula phakathi kwe-ID kunye neendawo ze-OD.
I-MFL iyafana ne-ET kwaye ziyancedisana.I-ET yeyeemveliso ezinobunzima bodonga obungaphantsi kwe-0.250 ″ kwaye i-MFL yeyeemveliso ezinobunzima bodonga obukhulu kunoko.
Enye yeenzuzo ze-MFL ngaphezu kwe-UT kukukwazi ukufumanisa iziphene ezingezizo.Ngokomzekelo, iziphene ze-helical zinokubonwa ngokulula usebenzisa i-MFL.Iziphene kule oblique orientation, nangona ifunyenwe yi-UT, ifuna izicwangciso ezichanekileyo kwi-angle ejoliswe kuyo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngesi sihloko?Abavelisi kunye noMbutho wabavelisi (FMA) banolwazi olongezelelweyo.Ababhali uPhil Meinzinger kunye noWilliam Hoffmann banika imini epheleleyo yolwazi kunye nemiyalelo kwimigaqo, iinketho zezixhobo, ukuseta, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo.Intlanganiso yenzeke ngoNovemba 10 kwikomkhulu le-FMA e-Elgin, e-Illinois (kufuphi neChicago).Ubhaliso luvulelekile ekuzisweni kwenyani kunye nobuqu.Ukufunda ngakumbi.
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