Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayinzima kangako ukuyicoca, kodwa ifuna ingqwalasela eyodwa kwiinkcukacha xa i-welding.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayinzima kangako ukuyicoca, kodwa ifuna ingqwalasela eyodwa kwiinkcukacha xa i-welding.Ayibuchitheli ubushushu njengentsimbi epholileyo okanye ialuminiyam kwaye ilahlekelwa kokunye ukuxhathisa kwayo xa ishushu kakhulu.Eyona ndlela ilungileyo inceda ukugcina ukuxhathisa kwayo kumhlwa.Umfanekiso: Miller Electric
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemibhobho ebalulekileyo, kubandakanywa ukutya okucocekileyo kunye nesiselo, amayeza, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo kunye neepetrochemicals.Nangona kunjalo, le mathiriyeli ayibuchithi ubushushu njengentsimbi ethambileyo okanye i-aluminium, kwaye iindlela zokuwelda ezingafanelekanga zinokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwayo.Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuninzi kunye nokusebenzisa isinyithi esingalunganga sokuzalisa zizinto ezimbini ezigwenxa.
Ukubambelela kwezinye zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuwelda intsimbi kunokunceda ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi kuyagcinwa.Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo ze-welding kunokunyusa imveliso ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.
Xa welding steel stainless, ukhetho lwentsimbi yokuzalisa lubalulekile ekulawuleni umxholo wekhabhoni.Intsimbi yokuzalisa esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umbhobho wensimbi engenasici kufuneka iphucule ukusebenza kwe-welding kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza.
Jonga iintsimbi zokuzalisa igama elithi "L" njenge-ER308L njengoko zibonelela ngomxholo osezantsi wekhabhoni onceda ukugcina ukuxhathisa ukubola kwiialloyi zentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni.Ukuwelda izixhobo zekhabhoni ephantsi kunye neentsimbi eziqhelekileyo zokuzalisa kwandisa umxholo wekhabhoni weld kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwandisa umngcipheko wokubola.Ziphephe iintsimbi zokuzalisa "H" njengoko zinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni kwaye zenzelwe izicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo.
Xa welding steel stainless, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukhethe intsimbi yokuzalisa ephantsi kwizinto ezilandelwayo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yinkunkuma).Ezi zizinto ezishiyekileyo ezivela kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsimbi zokuzalisa kwaye ziquka i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus kunye nesulfure.Zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto.
Ngenxa yokuba insimbi engenasici inomdla kakhulu kwigalelo lokushisa, ukulungiswa ngokubambisana kunye nendibano efanelekileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukushisa ukuze kugcinwe izinto eziphathekayo.Izikhewu phakathi kwamalungu okanye ukulingana okungalinganiyo kufuna ukuba itotshi ihlale kwindawo enye ixesha elide, kwaye kufuneka intsimbi yokuzalisa ngakumbi ukuze kuzaliswe ezo zithuba.Oku kubangela ukuba ukushisa kwakhiwe kwindawo echaphazelekayo, kubangela ukuba icandelo ligqithise.Ukufakela okungalunganga kunokwenza kube nzima ukuvala izikhewu kunye nokufezekisa ukungena okufunekayo kwe-weld.Siye saqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ziza ngokusondeleyo kwintsimbi engenasici ngokusemandleni.
Ukucoceka kwesi sixhobo nako kubaluleke kakhulu.Nangona umlinganiselo omncinci wokungcola okanye ukungcola kwi-weld kunokukhokelela kwiziphene ezinciphisa amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yemveliso yokugqibela.Ukucoca isiseko sesinyithi phambi kwe-welding, sebenzisa i-brush ekhethekileyo yensimbi engenasici engazange isetyenziswe kwi-carbon steel okanye i-aluminium.
Kwiinsimbi ezingenasici, uvakalelo luyimbangela ephambili yokulahleka kokumelana nokubola.Oku kwenzeka xa ubushushu be-welding kunye nesantya sokupholisa siguquguquka kakhulu, kubangele utshintsho kwi-microstructure yezinto.
Le weld yangaphandle kumbhobho wensimbi engenasici yayidityaniswe nge-GMAW kunye ne-spray yensimbi elawulwayo (RMD) kwaye i-root weld ayizange ibuyele umva kwaye yayifana nenkangeleko kunye nomgangatho we-GTAW backflush welding.
Inxalenye ephambili yokumelana nokubola kwensimbi engenasici yichromium oxide.Kodwa ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni kwi-weld uphezulu kakhulu, i-chromium carbides yenziwa.Babopha i-chromium kwaye banqande ukubunjwa kwe-chromium oxide efunekayo, eyenza insimbi engenasici ixhathise ukubola.Ngaphandle kwe-chromium oxide eyaneleyo, izinto eziphathekayo aziyi kuba neempawu ezifunwayo kunye ne-corrosion iya kwenzeka.
Ukuthintelwa kokuvuselela kwehla ekukhethweni kwentsimbi yokuzalisa kunye nokulawula igalelo lobushushu.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha intsimbi yokuzalisa enomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni xa i-welding steel stainless steel.Nangona kunjalo, ikhabhoni ngamanye amaxesha iyafuneka ukunika amandla kwizicelo ezithile.Ukulawula ukushisa kubaluleke kakhulu xa iintsimbi ezisezantsi ze-carbon filler zingafanelekanga.
Nciphisa ixesha apho i-weld kunye ne-HAZ ikwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-950 ukuya kwi-1500 degrees Fahrenheit (500 ukuya kwi-800 degrees Celsius).Ixesha elincinci olichitha kwi-soldering kolu luhlu, ubushushu obuncinci uya kuvelisa.Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge kwaye ujonge ubushushu be-interpass kwinkqubo ye-welding esetyenziswayo.
Enye inketho kukusebenzisa iintsimbi zokugcwalisa kunye namacandelo e-alloying afana ne-titanium kunye ne-niobium ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-chromium carbides.Ngenxa yokuba la macandelo achaphazela amandla kunye nokuqina, ezi zinyithi zokugcwalisa azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke izicelo.
Ukuwelda kweengcambu kusetyenziswa igesi ye-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) yindlela yesintu yokuwelda imibhobho yentsimbi engenasici.Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-argon backflush ukukhusela i-oxidation kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-weld.Nangona kunjalo, kwimibhobho yensimbi engenasici kunye nemibhobho, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-wire welding kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela iigesi ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ezichaphazela ngayo ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto.
I-gas arc welding (GMAW) yensimbi engenasici ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-argon kunye ne-carbon dioxide, umxube we-argon kunye ne-oksijeni, okanye umxube wegesi emithathu (i-helium, i-argon kunye ne-carbon dioxide).Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mixube iqulethe ngokuyinhloko i-argon okanye i-helium engaphantsi kwe-5% ye-carbon dioxide, ekubeni i-carbon dioxide inokungenisa i-carbon kwi-bath etyhidiweyo kwaye yandise umngcipheko wokuvuselela.I-argon ecocekileyo ayikhuthazwa kwi-GMAW yensimbi engenasici.
I-Cored wire yensimbi engenasici yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nomxube wendabuko we-75% ye-argon kunye ne-25% ye-carbon dioxide.I-Fluxes iqulethe izithako ezenzelwe ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kwe-weld ngekhabhoni kwi-gas ekhuselayo.
Njengoko iinkqubo ze-GMAW zavela, zenze ukuba kube lula ukuwelda iityhubhu kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi engenasici.Ngelixa ezinye izicelo zisenokufuna inkqubo ye-GTAW, ukusetyenzwa kweengcingo eziphambili kunokubonelela ngomgangatho ofanayo kunye nemveliso ephezulu kwizicelo ezininzi zentsimbi engenasici.
I-ID ye-welds yensimbi engenasici eyenziwe nge-GMAW RMD iyafana kumgangatho kunye nokubonakala kwe-OD ehambelanayo.
Iingcambu zokudlula usebenzisa inkqubo ye-GMAW yesiphaluka esifutshane eguqulwayo efana ne-Miller elawulwa yi-metal deposition (RMD) isuse ukubuyisela umva kwezinye izicelo ze-austenitic stainless steel.Ukugqithiswa kweengcambu ze-RMD kunokulandelwa yi-pulsed GMAW okanye i-flux-cored arc welding ukuze ugcwalise kwaye uvale ukudlula, ukhetho olugcina ixesha kunye nemali xa kuthelekiswa ne-backflush GTAW, ngokukodwa kwimibhobho emikhulu.
I-RMD isebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwentsimbi emfutshane elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukwenza i-arc ezolileyo, ezinzileyo kunye nedama le-weld.Oku kunciphisa amathuba okubanda okanye ukungaxutywa, kunciphisa isitshizi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weengcambu zombhobho.Ukudluliselwa kwentsimbi elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kukwaqinisekisa ukubekwa kwe-droplet efanayo kunye nolawulo olulula lwe-weld pool, ngaloo ndlela ilawula igalelo lobushushu kunye nesantya se-welding.
Iinkqubo ezingezizo ezemveli zinokuphucula imveliso ye-welding.Isantya se-Welding sinokuhluka ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-12 ipm xa usebenzisa i-RMD.Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo iphucula ukusebenza ngaphandle kokufudumeza okongeziweyo kwenxalenye, inceda ukugcina ukusebenza kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici.Ukunciphisa igalelo lokushisa kwenkqubo kwakhona kunceda ukulawula i-substrate deformation.
Le nkqubo ye-GMAW ye-pulsed inikezela ngobude obufutshane be-arc, iikhoni ze-arc ezincinci, kunye negalelo elincinci lobushushu kunejethi ye-pulsed yesiqhelo.Ekubeni inkqubo ivaliwe, i-arc drift kunye nokuguquguquka kumgama ukusuka kwincam ukuya kwindawo yokusebenza kuyacinywa.Oku kwenza lula ulawulo lwe-weld pool xa udibanisa kwisiza naxa uwelda ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza.Ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa kwe-pulsed GMAW yokuzalisa kunye nokuvala ukudlula kunye ne-RMD ye-root pass ivumela iinkqubo ze-welding ukuba zenziwe ngocingo olunye kunye negesi enye, ukunciphisa amaxesha okutshintsha inkqubo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yasungulwa ngo-1990 njengemagazini yokuqala enikezelwe kushishino lwemibhobho yesinyithi.Namhlanje, isele ikuphela kwempapasho yoshishino kuMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngowona mthombo uthembekileyo wolwazi lwabasebenzi betyhubhu.
Ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-FABRICATOR ngoku iyafumaneka, inika ufikelelo olulula kwimithombo yoshishino oluxabisekileyo.
Ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-Tube & Pipe Journal iyafumaneka ngoku, ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeshishini.
Yonwabela ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-STAMPING Journal, ijenali yemarike yestamping yesinyithi enenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, ezona zenzo zibalaseleyo kunye neendaba zeshishini.
Ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-Fabricator en Español edition yedijithali ngoku iyafumaneka, inika ufikelelo olulula kwimithombo yoshishino oluxabisekileyo.
Umhlohli weWelding kunye nomzobi uSean Flottmann ujoyine iFabricator podcast kwi-FABTECH 2022 e-Atlanta kwincoko ebukhoma…