I-ASTM 201 304 abathengisi betyhubhu yentsimbi engenastainless

Ukufumana i-oscilloscope ibikade iyisithethe sokudlula kubageki behardware.Ukuza kuthi ga mva nje, izixhobo ezitsha bezinqabile kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomntu ophakathi, ke mhlawumbi ubambekile nge-oscilloscope endala.Zininzi iinketho ezingabizi kakhulu kule mihla, ngakumbi ukuba ubandakanya ii-oscilloscopes zekhompyuter ezingabizi kunye "neoscilloscopes".Iimitha zeDijithali nazo zinexabiso eliphantsi kwezi ntsuku (zihlala zisimahla kwezinye iivenkile ezinkulu), njengoko zinjalo iijenereyitha zemiqondiso, izixhobo zokubala zamaza, kunye nezihlalutyi zengqiqo.

I-ASTM 201 304 abathengisi betyhubhu yentsimbi engenastainless

Kodwa kukho isixhobo esinye sovavanyo esingabonwa rhoqo njengoko bekunjalo, kwaye lihlazo kuba sisiqwenga esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi.Kuyavunywa ukuba, ukuba awusebenzi ngezingcingo, ayizukubakho kuluhlu lwakho olunqwenelekayo, kodwa ukuba wenza nantoni na ngeRF, ayisosixhobo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kuphela, kodwa ikwaxabiseke kakhulu.ibizwa ngokuba kuxhomekeke ntoni.Ngokwembali zazibizwa ngokuba “yiGrid Dip Oscillator” okanye iGDO.Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuyiva ibizwa ngokuba yi-“grid tilt meter”.Nangona kunjalo, iinguqulelo zanamhlanje azinayo iityhubhu (kwaye ngenxa yoko iigrate), yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha uye uve ngoku zibizwa ngokuba zii-inclinometers, okanye iibhakethi nje.
Nantoni na ozibiza ngayo, umgaqo wokusebenza uyafana, kwaye ulula kakhulu.Isixhobo asikho ngaphezu kwe-oscillator ebanzi kakhulu kunye nesiphumo esiqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yangaphandle.Kukwakho iindlela zokulawula ukuba angakanani amandla asetyenziswa ngumenzi.Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokujonga i-peak amplitude ye-oscillator.
Isizathu sokuhla sinento yokwenza nendlela i-inductor kunye ne-capacitor eziphatha ngayo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo.Kukho imithombo emithathu ye-impedance phantse kuyo nayiphi na isiphaluka okanye icandelo: ukuchasana, okungafuneki kutshintshe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, i-capacitive reactance, ngenxa yekhosi ye-capacitance, kunye ne-inductive reactance yamacandelo e-inductive.Kwezinye iimeko, unazo ezininzi.Umzekelo, izixhasi zekhabhoni akufuneki zibe nokusabela kakhulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo.Ii-Capacitors kufuneka zibe ne-capacitive ubukhulu becala.
Kwi-capacitor enikiweyo, ukusabela kukhulu kakhulu kwi-frequencies ephantsi kwaye kuncinci kakhulu kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu.I-inductance yenza okuchaseneyo: iifrikhwensi eziphantsi zivelisa ukusabela okuncinci kunezakhelo eziphezulu.Oku kulula ukukhumbula ukuba ucinga ngoku ngqo njengamaza anoziro hertz frequency.I-inductor (i-coil) ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuthwala i-DC (i-reactance ephantsi), ngelixa i-capacitor (iipleyiti ezimbini ezihambelanayo) ngokucacileyo ayiyi kuthwala i-DC (i-reactance ephezulu).
Nangona ukuchasana ngokupheleleyo kwesekethe kuxhomekeke kwezi zinto zintathu, akukho lula njengokongeza amaxabiso.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuxhathisa kunye nokusabela azikho ubuninzi obufanayo.Ukuba unophawu lwe-1V oluya kumthwalo we-2 ohm kunye ne-3 ohm yokusabela, ufuna ukwazi ukuba iziphatha ngendlela efanayo ne-1V ingena kwi-resistor eqhelekileyo.Ukuba ukuchasana kunye nokusabela kuxhunyiwe kuchungechunge, ixabiso lokumelana okusebenzayo lilingana ne-impedance, okuyi-vector sum of resistance and reactance.
Ke kulo mzekelo 22+32=13.I-square root ka-13 yi-3.6 kanye, ngoko ke i-impedance yi-3.6 ohms.Ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi, i-inductive kunye ne-capacitive reactance ikholisa ukurhoxisa enye kwenye.I-Capacitive reactance idla ngokuthathwa njengenegative, nangona siyi-squaring it, akukhathaliseki ukuba loluphi uhlobo lochaso olubi oluthathela ingqalelo kolu balo luthile.Kwabo bathambekele kwimathematika, ngokwenene ucinga ukuxhathisa njengenxalenye yokwenyani kunye nokusabela njengenxalenye yentelekelelo yenani elintsonkothileyo.Ukuguqula kwifom ye-polar kunika ubukhulu kunye ne-angle yesigaba.
Uxhulumaniso oluhambelanayo lumalunga nokufana, kodwa ukusabela kunyuka ngendlela efanayo ne-resistors efanayo.Kodwa inyaniso kukuba kwiifrikhwensi ezithile, i-inductive kunye ne-capacitive reactance ziyalingana.Kwisekethe yochungechunge, oku kuthetha ukuba ukusabela kuba ngu-zero kwaye kusele ukuchasana kuphela.Kwisekethe ehambelanayo, i-zero iphelela kwi-denominator yeqhezu, ngoko ke ukusabela okusebenzayo akunasiphelo (kwaye xa i-resistor ecocekileyo idibaniswe ngokufanayo, ayitshintshi ixabiso le-resistor).Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukusabela kuyacima, kushiya ukuchasana okucocekileyo.
Inqaku apho iimpendulo zirhoxisa enye kwenye ibizwa ngokuba yiresonance.I-inclinometer isebenza ngenxa yokuba kwi-resonance point, i-oscillator yemitha iya kubona umthwalo ophezulu (i-impedance ephantsi), ngoko i-voltage iya kuhla (okanye ilahle).Kuwo nawaphi na amanye amaza, okunye ukusabela kuya kuhlala kwaye i-impedance iyonke yesekethe phantsi kovavanyo iya kuba phezulu kune-resonance.
Ngokucacileyo, umsebenzi ophambili we-inclinometer kukulinganisa i-resonant frequency yesekethe.Ukuba kuphelele apho, kuluncedo kakhulu.Kodwa ngomzamo omncinci owongezelelweyo, i-inclinometer inokwenza okuninzi ngakumbi.
Okokuqala, inokulinganisa ezinye iisekethe ezilungelelanisiweyo, kungekhona nje i-capacitors kunye ne-inductors.Umzekelo, ii-eriyali, iikristale, kunye neentambo zothumelo zinokuba nencam ethile ye-resonance, kwaye imitha inokulinganisa.Kwiikristale, i-frequency yi-oscillation frequency ye-crystal (kunye nephutha elithile kuxhomekeke kumthamo womthwalo kunye nezinye izinto).Ii-eriyali zinokuvakala kwiifrikhwensi ezininzi, ingeyiyo le onomdla kuyo kuphela, ngoko ke isigwebo siyafuneka.Nantoni na engenayo i-coil (efana ne-eriyali okanye i-crystal) idinga ikhoyili encinci yokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kumitha ukuya kwisekethe.
Kwiintambo zamandla, unokulinganisa oku ngokwenza i-loop encinci ukudibanisa i-inclinometer (encinci ingcono).Fumana idiphu ephantsi kwaye iya kubonisa i-1/4 ye-wavelength ye-frequency transmission line frequency.Umzekelo, ukuba intambo iphuma kwi-7.5 MHz (iimitha ezingama-40 ubude), intambo imalunga neemitha ezili-10 ubude.Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali ukuqwalasela isantya somgca wothumelo.Oko kukuthi, umgca wokuhanjiswa kwekota kunye nomlinganiselo wezinga le-0.66 uya kuba mfutshane kunobude bethiyori (kule meko, yi-66% kuphela yobude bethiyori).
Ewe kunjalo, ungasebenzisa ireyishini yemigca yothumelo nangona uthanda.Oko kukuthi, unokufumana i-resonant frequency ukulinganisa intambo, okanye unokuseta i-frequency kwaye ulungelelanise umgca we-slope.Ngapha koko, ukusebenzisa into oyaziyo ukufumana into ongayaziyo kuhlala kungumgaqo olungileyo wegridi inclinometers.Ngaba ufuna ukulinganisa i-capacitor engaziwayo?Yenza i-resonant kunye ne-inductor eyaziwayo.Okanye uqale nge-capacitor eyaziwayo kwaye ufumane ixabiso lekhoyili engaziwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukufunda rhoqo okuchanekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.Abanye abenzi boluvo bale mihla baneziboniso zedijithali (ezifana neDipIt eboniswe ekunene).Nangona kunjalo, ezona zilinganisi zoxinzelelo eziqhelekileyo azizenzi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokuzidibanisa ngokulula kwimitha yefrikhwensi okanye usebenzise umamkeli ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuphindaphinda.
Imilinganiselo eyongezelelekileyo iyafumaneka ukuba awunangxaki noqikelelo oluthile.Iikhoyili zine-Q (Q factor) ebonisa ukuba bangakanani ukuchasana abanako ngokumalunga nokusabela kwabo.Sebenzisa i-reference capacitor efanelekileyo, yenza i-resonant circuit kwaye ujikeleze imitha.Nika ingqalelo kumaxesha amaninzi.Emva koko yehlisa i-inclinometer de uqaphele ukuba ufundo lwayo lumalunga nama-30% ngaphezulu kangakanani na xa ithambekile.Ngoku phakamisa inzwa ye-tilt kwaye wehle kwi-slope kwakhona de ufumane i-30% uphawu kwakhona kwelinye icala.I-Q iphantse ilingane ne-frequency esezantsi eyahlulwe ngumahluko phakathi kwama-30% amaza.
Oku kunokubonakala, kodwa i-Ursa Major inokusetyenziswa nje njengomthombo wesignali.Umzekelo, ukulungisa unomathotholo, kufuneka usete i-inclinometer kwi-frequency ofuna ukuva unomathotholo kwaye umlandele kwisekethe.Uninzi lwee-inclinometers zinemowudi apho zicima i-oscillator kwaye zisebenzise i-coil (kunye ne-tuning capacitor) kunye ne-diode njengemitha ye-wavelength.Imitha ke ibonisa inqanaba lamandla eRF kwifrikhwensi elungisiweyo.Ezinye izinzwa zide zibe nee-headphone jacks ukuze ukwazi ukumamela umqondiso (uyenza iphantse ifane nerediyo yekristale).
Esinye sezizathu zokuba abantu abaninzi bangabi nazo ii-inclinometers namhlanje kukuba azifumaneki lula njengoko bezinjalo.I-Heathkit ngumthengisi owaziwayo kakhulu wee-inclinometers zeemodeli ezahlukeneyo.Ezinye iimodeli zakudala ezidumileyo (ezidla ngokubonwa kwi-eBay) yi-Eico, iMillen, iBoonton, kunye neMeasurements Corporation (lumkele, ukuba awungomqokeleli, imifuziselo yetyhubhu isenokungabi nangeniso kakhulu).Ungafumana uluhlu lwemifanekiso emininzi ye-GDO kwisiza se- [n4xy] (imifanekiso lunqakrazo olumbalwa ukusuka kwiqhosha elilandelayo kwiphepha eliphambili).Ngasekhohlo yifoto yoMlinganiselo weGDO yam endala (kwaye ewe, isebenzisa iityhubhu).
Usenokufumana ii-inclinometers ezintsha ukusuka kwi-MFJ (bathengisa i-MFJ-201 eboniswe ekunene kwaye unokuguqula ezinye ze-eriyali zohlalutyo kwi-inclinometers ezisebenzisekayo).Kukho neenkqubo ezininzi kwi-Intanethi.Ukuba ufuna i-tube mod yokwenene (ayikhuthazwa), [w4cwg] inezicwangciso.[I-SMOVPO] yazisa uyilo lwale mihla lweFET kunye nejumpi entsha ukunceda ukwenza ukuba nzulu ukuhla.
Kwelinye icala, kubonakala kulihlazo ukwakha iyunithi entsha ngaphandle komboniso wedijithali.Ewe, unokongeza enye, okanye usebenzise eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi efana neDipIt okanye iELM.Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi kunye neekhithi.Jonga kokukujikelezile.Eyona nto inzima idla ngokujija iikhoyili, nangona ezinye ziya kufuna ii-capacitors eziguquguqukayo ekunzima ukuzifumana.Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, nayiphi na i-oscillator enokuzinza iya kwenza.Ngapha koko, ndinee-emele ezimbini ze-Heathkit ezindala ezisebenzisa itonela yokuchasa engalunganga njengee-oscillator (enye yazo iboniswe ngasekhohlo).
Ukuba ufuna umboniso wevidiyo wokusebenzisa i-inclinometer, andinakwenza ngcono kuno [w2aew], ukuze ufumane ividiyo yakhe ngezantsi.
Enye yazo ibikuluhlu lwam “lweminqweno” okoko ndafumana ilayisenisi yam yolutsha lukanomathotholo ngo-2008. Andikafumani xabiso endinokulihlawula okwangoku.Kwakhona, ndinomdla wokwazi ukuba zeziphi iivenkile ezinikezela ngezinto zokubala zedijithali?Ndingasebenzisa ii-DVOM ezinexabiso eliphantsi ukubonisa amandla ombane aphambili (andisoze ndithembe imitha yexabiso eliphantsi ngayo nayiphi na enye into).
I-Harbour Freight ihlala ivelisa izixhobo zoluvo ezihlwempuzekileyo.Ngamanye amaxesha ndiyawathatha ndiwabeke etafileni, kuba malunga kanye ngeveki umntu ufika aze abuze, "Ngaba unayo i-ohmmeter?"Ndibanika nje ibenye andilindelanga ukuba ibuye.Qha ingxaki kukuba andinabuzzer.Oku kububudenge obupheleleyo, kodwa ukusasazwa ...
Enkosi, ndiza kujonga.Ndineemitha ezimbalwa zeFluke kunye ne-HP 3457A endala endithembele kuyo ukuze ndifumane imilinganiselo echanekileyo, kodwa kuya kuba luncedo ukuba neemitha ezimbalwa ezinexabiso eliphantsi njengezijongi zombane ophantsi kwiiprojekthi zam ezahlukeneyo zobonelelo lwamandla.
Ndifumanise ukuba iimagazini zeemoto ezifana neHot Rod, Car Craft, njl.Iikhawuntari zabo ezinexabiso eliphantsi zidla ngokuza nekhuphoni “yasimahla” (i-$10 yokuthenga).Ndiyabathanda, ndimalunga neshumi elinesibini kubo, enye kumatshini ngamnye, enye yedesika yam, enye eyebhentshi yam yokusebenza kunye ne-5 ngaphezulu kwesitokhwe.Kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye ngaphezulu "ndaziqokelela", ukuba ndiqaphele naziphi na iingxaki, kwakule hlobo kuphela.Ukwenza into (andikhumbuli ukuba yintoni) ukufunda (inokuba yi-DC voltage okanye ukuchasana) kuya kunyamalala emva komzuzwana okanye njalo.“Ayinanto” ithetha ukuba ufundo lusetwa ngokutsha kwaye luye ku-0.00 okanye ku-OL.Ndazama ukubuyisela ibhetri enye ibhetri ye-9V endandilele kuyo, kodwa yandinika isilumkiso sikaLo Batt.Xa ndifaka ibhetri yam, isebenze kakuhle.I-Horror Fright iphinda ithengise enye i-DVM malunga ne-$ 25 (ndathenga yam nge-$ 20).Ndiyiphatha kubhaka wam, kodwa iLCD enokuthambeka ekwaziyo ukuguqulwa ngamanye amaxesha ayisebenzi kwindawo ethe tye.Ndikwanazo neeFlukes ezi-4.
Ngaphandle kwesihloko, oku akukho malunga ne-multimeters konke konke, i-OL ithetha ukugcwala, okuqhelekileyo kwi-resistors, engabonwanga kwaphela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-infinity kunye ne-volts eqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-voltage eninzi kakhulu kuluhlu olukhethiweyo, imiyalelo yesixhobo sakho igubungela oku.TM ngexesha langempela?Ngentla yigridi ye-inclinometer.kuphela.
Ndiye ndajonga izinto zokubala ezibomvu zeHarbour Freight endizifumene simahla kunye namakhuphoni.Uyilo olubi, andizukusebenzisa kwiisekethe zamandla aphezulu.Iibhola zeSolder kunye neentambo zikho kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye i-fuse yiglasi nje.Akukho fuse konke konke kwigalelo le-10A, iijacks zebhanana ezingekho mgangathweni, iingcingo zibhityile kakhulu kwi-10A, kwaye ukugquma kubhityile kakhulu kwibango le-600Vac/1000Vdc.
Umhlobo wam akazange ajonge imitha yakhe de wajonga indawo yokomisa i-240V.Ufake olunye ucingo luka 10A yagqabhuka imitha.Ngenene ndithetha isithonga esikhulu kakhulu, ilitha, kwaye iziqingatha ezibini zabhabha zohlukana.Ngethamsanqa ebengayibambi, ngethamsanqa ucingo ebelubambe alunyibilika.
Ndicinga ukuba ndithenge eyam nge-$15 kwi-humfest ethile.Ukuba usebenzisa uGoogle, kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi kwi-intanethi ezisebenzisa iiFET ukuzakha.
Ungathenga iDMM nge-£5 kwi-Maplin e-UK.I-Maplin ngumthengisi we-electronics kunye nodumo oluhle lwamaxabiso aphantsi!Ngaphambili, ubukhulu becala bathengisa amacandelo.Isebe elikufutshane kum likwindawo yokuthenga ngaphandle kwesixeko, indawo yaseMaplin mhlawumbi isiqingatha sebala lebhola, kwaye ayinayo ngaphezu kwe-2 transistors yohlobo ngalunye.Umzekelo 2 transistors.Ababini, i-transistors eyahlukileyo, iziseko ezi-2, abaqokeleli be-2, enye.Ezinye zinokuodolwa esebeni.
Kulusizi kancinci.Ivenkile eseleyo izaliswe zizitampu zaseTshayina, unokufumana izinto ezingcono nezingabizi kakhulu ukusuka kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zeempahla zabathengi, kunye nezipho ezitsha, iiquadcopter zokudlala zaseTshayina nokunye okunjalo.Umgangatho wazo zonke zingabizi kakhulu, kodwa ixabiso lokuthengisa le-Maplin libiza kakhulu.
Ndicinga njengeRadio Shack ngaphambi kokuwa.Kulusizi ukuthanda iMaplin, ikhathalogu yabo yonyaka yayifana nephonografi yolutsha.Amaphepha angama-500 nangaphezulu, uluhlu olukhulu lwamacandelo!Ngoku zonke zii-walkie-talkies ze-PMR eziphelelwe lixesha kunye neebhodi zePC eziphelelwe lixesha nge-60% ngaphezulu kunoko unokuhlawula kumthengisi ozimeleyo.Kodwa ngesizathu esithile akukho fowuni ephathwayo.Oku kuselilungelo leevenkile zeefowuni ezizodwa.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ndiza kuthetha ukuba nesihloko esinjalo se-bootleg siya kuthengisa i-multimeters nge-£ 5, ngaphandle kokuba i-Maplin ibulale amaphupha am.Kwenye indawo, inokuba luthotho lweevenkile ze-DIY.Okanye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwi-intanethi.Unokufumana i-multimeter ngexabiso eliphantsi.Ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba "ngabavavanyi bombane basekhaya" okanye into ethile ukuze iimitha ezixabisa kakhulu zingabonakali zibiza kakhulu.Ndiye ndafumana ezimbalwa ezingabizi ukutyhubela iminyaka kwaye andikhalazi.Amaxesha amaninzi i-transistor tester nayo yakhelwa ngaphakathi. Enyanisweni, kukho izinto ezibiza kakhulu.Andazi ukuba yintoni umahluko.Ndifuna ukwakha umgangatho.Eyam ayizange inkqonkqoze, ngoko iminyaka emininzi yonke into ilungile.
Ngaphandle koko, ukuba ufuna nje ukufaka into kwi-PSU yakho, unokufumana iiVoltmeters ze-LED / ii-Ammeters kwi-Ebay ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwezi ntsuku.Ngokwesiqhelo nje iPCB ngaphandle kwetyala, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela othanda ukuyinyusa.Umbala we-7-segment ye-LED oyikhethayo (ewe, akufuneki ukhethe okwesibhakabhaka!).
Hayi ncam free, kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba uhlawule.Ndacinga ukuba umntu wayebanika simahla, kuya kuba ngomnye kubo bonke abathengi, kwaye kuphela ukuba ukuthenga kuchanekile.
Ngoku ungenza ngcono.IArduino inokuskena iphini ye-DDS.I-AD9851 isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 okanye i-70 MHz.Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu zinokufezekiswa ngokuphinda-phinda kabini kunye nee-triplers.I-Logarithmic detectors yamandla inokulinganisa imiqondiso kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwamandla kunye nobuninzi.Intelligent LCD touch display ukubonisa impendulo frequency.
Nantsi ividiyo enolwazi olukhulu, ndicinga ukuba bendikhe ndayibona ngaphambili, yenzeka nje ukuba ndikhubeke kwii-duplexers/izihluzi ze-cavity nge-YT AI kwaye ndakhe nda... ndize nale mitha ye-engile yereticle:
yho hay kucacile andilo hacker tu.Andikhumbuli ndisiva nge-inclinometer (Ndenze iprojekthi yam yokuqala ye-elektroniki kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo-yayiyi-quartz receiver-akukho bhetri, ucingo olude oluphuma kwifestile yegumbi lam lokulala ukuze ndijike umoya) Yiyo loo nto ndiye ndafumana i-inclinometer. 'Ndifunda iHackaday, ndifuna ukufunda okutsha… ngethamsanqa akunyanzelekanga ukuba ndiyisebenzise.Izinto ezinje ngokusebenza ne-ESP8266 IOT zindigcine ndixakekile kwaye andangena kwintsimi entsha.Kwimeko nayiphi na into, enkosi ngesithuba esinomdla kakhulu.
Ewe, ndinazo ezimbalwa, kodwa ukuba usaqala kwaye ufuna isixhobo esisebenza ngokwenene, awufuni kujongana nezibane kunye nabangaphakathi abakhulu xa kukho iindlela ezizezinye eziqinileyo.Ngoku, ukuba uyaqokelela, kwahlukile.
Iityhubhu ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye, ngokolwazi lwam, ziziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga njengoko zisebenzisa ucingo lwefilament kwaye zakha iidiphozithi.Dibanisa oko kunye nokuba nazo kwisixhobo esidala kwaye isiphumo sisenokungabi yile nto uyifunayo.
Ithiyori yakho malunga ityhubhu ayilunganga kakhulu: "i-filament wire" (ebizwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuba yi-filament) ayichaphazeli iidiphozithi.Le yingcamango ephosakeleyo, ubhidanisa iinkcukacha nangona kunjalo, ityhubhu yokudlulisa inengxaki yokuhluthwa kwe-cathodic kwi-voltage ephezulu, inganikezeli ngokufanelekileyo i-heater yangoku kwindawo yokuqala.Oku akuchaphazeli ityhubhu yokufumana.Okwesibini, ukuba usebenzisa imitha, ndiyakwamkela, izibane zingahlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-5000.Ndinezixhobo zovavanyo ezivela kwiminyaka yama-50s, iidyunivesithi kunye neelebhu ezinezibane zamandulo.Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, akukho nto isezantsi kwi-tube inclinometers, abanye bathi iityhubhu zokufunxa zingcono ekuboneni ukuthambeka kwetyhubhu kunee-diode ezincinci okanye itonela ngenxa yeempawu zokuqhawula ityhubhu.Ndicebisa ukuba uye ityhubhu enexabiso eliphantsi kunye ne-analog gauge, kwaye ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba ufuna iintsimbi kunye nempempe ngomboniso wedijithali, yiya kuyo.
NdineMeasurements 59 inclinometer endisandula ukuyibuyisela ukuba ndiyithande imeko entsha.Ndifake ikhonkco ye-SMA kwelinye icala lecala le-oscillator kunye ne "sniffer" ngaphakathi ecaleni kwesibane se-oscillator ye-955.Imitha yam yedijithali yeStarTek ibonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuphindaphindwa kwe-eriyali yomgibe wam okanye nayiphi na enye i-inductor xa kusenzeka idiphu;isikali sayo sokuqala se-analog sisachanekile ngendlela emangalisayo.Akulunganga kwisixhobo se-70s ekulula kakhulu kwaye kumnandi ukusisebenzisa…
Izibane zenza i-GDOs ezilula kwaye andizange ndibe nengxaki kunye nombane wangaphandle.Ukuba umntu unokugrumba i-Nuvistor, iya kwenza ipakethe encinci.
Ezinye zeengxaki ezinesimo esiqinileyo "GDOs" kukuba i-bipolar transistors ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo neetyhubhu, kwaye ii-transistors zangaphambili ngokuqinisekileyo ziswele inzuzo kunye nokuphendula okuphezulu.Andazi ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na i-Heathkit Tunnel Bucket, kodwa sesinye isixhobo sesixhobo.Iikhamera ezininzi ngasemva zisebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokubona ukuhla.Ii-FET zibonakala njengeetyhubhu zombane ophantsi, isango lehla njengegridi, ii-MOSFETs ziyavela, kufuneka ziwe nazo, kodwa ungabona i-RF detector ukubona ukuhla.Ekupheleni kuka-1971, abafana baseMillen bachaza besebenzisa ii-MOSFETs ukuguqula i-GO yabo edumileyo ibe yinto ethengiswayo.I-chassis efanayo, iikhoyili kunye ne-trimmer capacitors.Ngequbuliso, isekethe yetyhubhu “elula” ifuna umsebenzi omninzi, kubandakanya nokukrwitshwa kweRF ezininzi, ukuyimisa ngaphandle kweediphu zobuxoki.
Andizange ndakhe, kodwa iityhubhu zibonakala zilula kwaye ezithengiswayo zinzima ngakumbi.
Ndicinga ukuba i-GDO yanyamalala ngenxa yezinye izixhobo zovavanyo.Kodwa ixabiso nalo linyukile.I-Heathkit okanye i-Eico zitshiphu kwaye ezikufutshane zikwikhulu leedola okanye ngaphezulu.
Mhlawumbi kwizangqa ze-hobbyist, kodwa iityhubhu zisasetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla aphezulu weTV/UHF kunye nemicrowave/satellite applications… #NotAllTubes
Ungayijonga le ngxelo.http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/devices/the-quest-for-the-ultimate-vacuum-tube
Kumava am, i-vacuum tube spoons zingcono * kunamacephe aqinileyo.I-Eico yam ilungile, njengoMillen Dipper.Iileyile ze-transistor ezibetha ziphakathi nje, iileyile zabo zetonela zimbi.Okoko nje ufumana enye esebenzayo (okanye enye onokuyilungisa), iminyaka ayifanelanga ukuba yinto.
Ileyidi elungileyo “inokuyiva” isekethe ye-resonant ukusuka kumgama wee-intshi ezimbalwa… ayifuni kuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwikhoyili njengoko kubonisiwe kwividiyo.Kwakhona, imitha kufuneka izinzile njengoko ushuna ukusuka kwelinye icala loluhlu ukuya kwelinye.Abantu abahluphekayo badla ngokuba nezinto ezininzi ezingeyonyani.
I-Big Dipper inceda ukuveza oko *kwenyani* kuqhubeka kwikhonkco.Yonke i-capacitor ine-inductance kwaye yonke i-inductor ine-capacitance.Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokwemvelo zingcangcazela ngamaxesha athile.Kwakhona, i-bypass capacitor yakho iba yi-inductor, kubi kakhulu kunokungasebenzi!IBig Dipper inokubonisa ukuba isekethe yakho inee-oscillations eziyinkohliso kumaza angalindelekanga, okanye inovakalelo olungaqhelekanga kwi-RF kumaza athile.