Singathanda ukuseta iikuki ezongezelelweyo ukuqonda indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo i-GOV.UK, khumbula iisetingi zakho kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo zikarhulumente.
Wamkele iikuki ezongezelelweyo.Uphumile kwiikuki ozikhethelayo.Ungazitshintsha iisetingi zekuki nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ngaphandle kokuba kuphawulwe ngenye indlela, olu papasho luhanjiswa phantsi kweLayisensi yoRhulumente oVulekileyo v3.0.Ukujonga eli phepha-mvume, ndwendwela nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 okanye ubhalele kuMgaqo-nkqubo woLwazi, ooVimba beSizwe, eKew, eLondon TW9 4DU, okanye i-imeyile: psi@nationalarchives.i-gov.IGREAT BRITAIN.
Ukuba siye sazi malunga naluphi na ulwazi lwelungelo lokushicilela lesithathu, kuya kufuneka ufumane imvume kumnini welungelo lokushicilela.
Olu papasho luyafumaneka ku-https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/genomics-beyond-health/genomics-beyond-health-full-report-accessible-webpage.
I-DNA isisiseko sabo bonke ubomi bebhayoloji kwaye yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1869 ngusokhemesti waseSwitzerland uFriedrich Miescher.Inkulungwane yokwanda kwezinto ezifunyenweyo zakhokelela uJames Watson, uFrancis Crick, uRosalind Franklin, noMaurice Wilkins ngowe-1953 ukuba baphuhlise imodeli edume ngoku ye-“double helix”, equka amatyathanga amabini aphothiweyo.Ngokuqondwa kokugqibela kwesakhiwo se-DNA, kwathatha enye iminyaka engama-50 ngaphambi kokuba i-genome epheleleyo yomntu ilandelelaniswe ngo-2003 yiProjekthi ye-Human Genome.
Ulandelelwano lwegenome yomntu ekuqaleni kwewaka leminyaka lutshintsho ekuqondeni kwethu ibhayoloji yomntu.Okokugqibela, sinokufunda iplani yemfuza yendalo.
Ukususela ngoko, ubugcisa esinokubusebenzisa ukufunda igenome yomntu buye bahambela phambili ngokukhawuleza.Kwathatha iminyaka eyi-13 ukulandelelanisa i-genome yokuqala, nto leyo ethetha ukuba izifundo ezininzi zenzululwazi zigxile kuphela kwiindawo ezithile ze-DNA.Yonke igenome yomntu ngoku inokulandelelana ngosuku olunye.Ukuqhubela phambili kobu bugcisa bokulandelelana kukhokelele kutshintsho olukhulu kubuchule bethu bokuqonda igenome yomntu.Uphando olukhulu lwezenzululwazi luye lwaphucula ukuqonda kwethu ubudlelwane phakathi kwenxalenye ethile ye-DNA (imfuza) kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zethu.Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yemfuza kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo yiphazili enzima kakhulu: ngamnye wethu unemizila emalunga ne-20,000 esebenza kuthungelwano olunzima oluchaphazela iimpawu zethu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ugxininiso lophando luye lwezempilo kunye nezifo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko senze inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo.Kulapho i-genomics iba sisixhobo esisisiseko ekuqondeni kwethu impilo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezifo.Isiseko se-genomics esinkqenkqeza phambili se-UK siyibeka phambili kwihlabathi ngokweenkcukacha ze-genomic kunye nophando.
Oku kuye kwabonakala kulo lonke ubhubhani we-COVID, kunye ne-UK ekhokela indlela kulandelelwano lwe-genome yentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2.I-Genomics ikulungele ukuba yintsika esembindini yenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yexesha elizayo yase-UK.Kufuneka ibonelele ngokubonakalayo kwezifo kwangoko, ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezinqabileyo zemfuzo kwaye incede ukulungelelanisa impilo yabantu.
Izazinzulu ziyiqonda ngcono indlela i-DNA yethu edityaniswa ngayo kuluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kwiindawo ngaphandle kwempilo, njengomsebenzi, imidlalo kunye nemfundo.Olu phando luye lwasebenzisa iziseko ze-genomic eziphuhliswe kuphando lwezempilo, ukuguqula ukuqonda kwethu indlela uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zomntu ezenziwe kwaye zaphuhliswa.Ngelixa ulwazi lwethu lwe-genomic lweempawu ezingafanelekanga lukhula, lushiyeka emva kweempawu ezinempilo.
Amathuba kunye nemingeni esiyibonayo kwi-genomics yezempilo, njengesidingo sokululekwa kwemfuza okanye xa uvavanyo lunika ulwazi olwaneleyo ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, vula ifestile kwixesha elizayo le-non-health genomics.
Ukongezelela ekusetyenzisweni okwandisiweyo kolwazi lwe-genomic kwicandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo, inani elonyukayo labantu liba nolwazi ngolwazi lwe-genomic ngokusebenzisa iinkampani ezizimeleyo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi.Ngentlawulo, ezi nkampani zinika abantu ithuba lokufunda ngemvelaphi yabo kwaye bafumane ulwazi lwe-genomic malunga noluhlu lweempawu.
Ulwazi olukhulayo oluvela kuphando lwamazwe ngamazwe luye lwavumela ukuphuhliswa ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe obutsha, kwaye ukuchaneka esinokuqikelela ngayo iimpawu zomntu kwi-DNA kuyanda.Ngaphaya kokuqonda, ngoku kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukuhlela iijeni ezithile.
Nangona i-genomics inamandla okuguqula iinkalo ezininzi zoluntu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuza nokuziphatha, idatha kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko.Kumanqanaba kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-genomics kulawulwa ngamanani emigaqo yokuzithandela kunye nemithetho eqhelekileyo ngakumbi kungekhona ngokukodwa kwi-genomics, njengoMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha Jikelele.Njengoko amandla e-genomics ekhula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kwanda, oorhulumente baqhubeka bejongene nokukhetha ukuba le ndlela iya kuqhubeka nokudibanisa ngokukhuselekileyo i-genomics kuluntu.Ukuqinisa amandla awohlukeneyo e-UK kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nophando lwe-genomics kuya kufuna inzame elungelelanisiweyo evela kurhulumente kunye neshishini.
Ukuba ubunokugqiba enoba umntwana wakho unokugqwesa kwezemidlalo okanye kwizifundiswa, ngaba ubuya kukwenza oko?
Le yeminye yemibuzo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba sijongane nayo kwikamva elingekude njengoko inzululwazi ye-genomic isinika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-genome yomntu kunye nendima eyidlalayo ekuphembeleleni iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kwethu.
Ulwazi malunga negenome yomntu—ulandelelwano lwayo olukhethekileyo lwedeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—sele lusetyenziswa ukwenza uxilongo oluthile lwezonyango nonyango olulolwakho.Kodwa sikwaqala ukuqonda indlela i-genome echaphazela ngayo iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu abangaphaya kwempilo.
Sele kukho ubungqina bokuba i-genome ichaphazela iimpawu ezingezizo impilo ezifana nokuthatha ingozi, ukubunjwa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa.Njengoko sifunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela ufuzo oluphembelela ngayo iimpawu, sinokuqikelela ngcono ukuba kunokwenzeka kangakanani kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kuwuphi umlinganiselo umntu angaziphuhlisa ezo mpawu ngokusekwe kulandelelwano lwegenome.
Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi ebalulekileyo.Isetyenziswa njani le nkcazelo?Kuthetha ntoni oku kuluntu lwethu?Ingaba imigaqo-nkqubo inokufuneka ihlengahlengiswe njani kumacandelo ahlukeneyo?Ngaba sifuna ummiselo ongaphezulu?Siza kujongana njani nemiba yokuziphatha ephakanyisiweyo, sijongane nemingcipheko yocalucalulo kunye nezoyikiso ezinokubakho kubumfihlo?
Nangona ezinye zezicelo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-genomics zinokuthi zingabonakali kwixesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi, iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ulwazi lwe-genomic ziyaphononongwa namhlanje.Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku lixesha lokuxela kwangaphambili ukusetyenziswa kwegenomics kwixesha elizayo.Kwakhona kufuneka sicinge ngemiphumo enokwenzeka ukuba iinkonzo ze-genomic zifumaneka kuluntu ngaphambi kokuba isayensi ilungele ngokwenene.Oku kuya kusivumela ukuba sicinge ngokufanelekileyo amathuba kunye neengozi ezinokubakho ezi zicelo zitsha ze-genomics kwaye sigqibe ukuba yintoni esinokuyenza ukuphendula.
Le ngxelo yazisa i-genomics kubantu abangezongcali, iphonononga indlela isayensi eye yavela ngayo, kwaye izama ukuqwalasela impembelelo yayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.Ingxelo ijonga into enokwenzeka ngoku kunye nento enokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo, kwaye iphonononga apho amandla e-genomics anokuthi aqikelelwe.
I-Genomics ayingombandela womgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo.Oku kunokuchaphazela uluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ukusuka kwimfundo kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kwingqesho kunye ne-inshurensi.Le ngxelo igxile kwi-genomics yabantu abangenampilo.Ukwaphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwegenome kwezolimo, i-ecology kunye ne-synthetic biology ukuqonda ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo kwezinye iindawo.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwento esiyaziyo malunga ne-genomics yabantu ivela kuphando oluvavanya indima yalo kwimpilo nakwizifo.Impilo ikwayindawo apho izicelo ezininzi ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe.Kulapho siza kuqala khona, kwaye iSahluko sesi-2 nesesi-3 sibonisa inzululwazi nophuhliso lwegenomics.Oku kubonelela ngomxholo kwintsimi ye-genomics kwaye inikezela ngolwazi lobugcisa oluyimfuneko ukuqonda indlela i-genomics echaphazela ngayo iindawo ezingezona zempilo.Abafundi abangenayo imvelaphi yobugcisa banokutsiba ngokukhuselekileyo le ntshayelelo ukuya kwiSahluko 4, 5, kunye ne-6, ebonisa umxholo ophambili wale ngxelo.
Abantu kudala benomdla kwimfuzo yethu kunye nendima eyidlalayo ekubunjweni kwethu.Sifuna ukuqonda indlela izinto zemfuza ezichaphazela ngayo iimpawu zethu zomzimba, impilo, ubuntu, iimpawu kunye nezakhono, kunye nendlela ezidibana ngayo neempembelelo zendalo.
I-£ 4 yezigidigidi, i-13 iminyaka yeendleko kunye nexesha lokuphuhlisa ulandelelwano lwe-genome yomntu wokuqala (ixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso).
IGenomics kuphononongo lweegenomes zezinto eziphilayo - ukulandelelana kwazo okupheleleyo kweDNA - kunye nendlela zonke iijini zethu ezisebenzisana ngayo kwiinkqubo zethu zebhayoloji.Ngenkulungwane yama-20, uphononongo lweegenomes ngokubanzi lwalukhawulelwe ekuqwalaselweni kwamawele ukufunda indima yofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiempawu zomzimba nezokuziphatha (okanye "indalo kunye nokukhulisa").Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwe-2000s yaphawulwa ngokupapashwa kokuqala kwe-genome yomntu kunye nokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe be-genomic obukhawulezayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
Ezi ndlela zithetha ukuba abaphandi banokugqiba ukufunda ikhowudi yezofuzo ngokuthe ngqo, ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunye nexesha.Ukulandelelana kwegenome yomntu, okwakuthabatha iminyaka yaye kuxabisa iibhiliyoni zeeponti, ngoku kuthabatha ngaphantsi kosuku yaye kubiza malunga nee-£800 [umbhalo osemazantsi we-1].Abaphandi ngoku banokuhlalutya iigenomes zamakhulu abantu okanye baqhagamshele kwiibhanki zebhayoloji ezinolwazi malunga neegenomes zamawakawaka abantu.Ngenxa yoko, idatha ye-genomic iqokelelwa ngobuninzi ukuze isetyenziswe kuphando.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-genomics isetyenziswe ikakhulu kukhathalelo lwezempilo kunye nophando lwezonyango.Umzekelo, ukuchonga ubukho bokwahluka kwemfuza enesiphene, njengokwahluka kwe-BRCA1 ehambelana nomhlaza wamabele.Oku kunokuvumela unyango lwangaphambili lothintelo, olungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-genome.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuqonda kwethu i-genomics kuphuculwe, kuye kwacaca ngakumbi ukuba impembelelo ye-genome idlulela ngaphaya kwempilo kunye nezifo.
Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, iphulo lokuqonda ubume bethu bemfuza liye lahambela phambili kakhulu.Siyaqala ukuqonda ukwakheka kunye nomsebenzi wegenome, kodwa kuninzi ekufuneka sikufundile.
Siye sazi ukususela ngo-1950 ukuba ulandelelwano lweDNA yethu yikhowudi equlethe imiyalelo yendlela iiseli zethu ezenza ngayo iiproteni.Ijini ngalinye lihambelana neprotheyini eyahlukileyo emisela iimpawu zento ephilayo (ezifana nombala wamehlo okanye ubungakanani beentyatyambo).I-DNA inokuphembelela iimpawu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo: umzila wemfuza omnye unokumisela uphawu (umzekelo, uhlobo lwegazi lwe-ABO), imizila yemfuza emininzi inokusebenza ngendlela ehambelanayo (umzekelo, ukukhula kolusu nokuba nebala), okanye eminye imizila yemfuza inokugqithelana, igqume impembelelo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo. imfuza.imfuza.ezinye iijini (ezifana nenkqayi kunye nombala weenwele).
Uninzi lweempawu ziphenjelelwa sisenzo esidityanisiweyo sabaninzi (mhlawumbi amawaka) eenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zeDNA.Kodwa utshintsho kwi-DNA yethu lubangela utshintsho kwiiprotheni, ezinokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezitshintshileyo.Ngoyena mqhubi uphambili wokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuhlukahluka kunye nezifo.Iinguqu zemfuza zinokunika umntu iadvanteji okanye isithintelo, zibe ziinguqu ezingathathi hlangothi, okanye zingabi nampembelelo kwaphela.Zinokudluliselwa kwiintsapho okanye zivela ekukhawulweni.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zivela ebudaleni, oku kudla ngokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwazo kubantu ngabanye kunokuba kubantwana babo.
Ukwahluka kwiimpawu nako kunokuphenjelelwa ziindlela ze-epigenetic.Banokulawula ukuba imfuza ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe.Ngokungafaniyo neenguqu zemfuza, ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye ngokuyinxenye zixhomekeke kwimekobume.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuqonda unobangela wophawu asingombandela nje wokufunda ukuba luluphi ulandelelwano lwemfuza oluchaphazela uphawu ngalunye.Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela i-genetics kumxholo obanzi, ukuqonda uthungelwano kunye nokusebenzisana kuyo yonke i-genome, kunye nendima yokusingqongileyo.
Itekhnoloji yeGenomic ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukulandelelana kwemfuzo yomntu.Ezi ndlela ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizifundo ezininzi kwaye ziya zibonelelwa ngakumbi ziinkampani zorhwebo kuhlalutyo lwempilo okanye lwezinyanya.Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ziinkampani okanye abaphandi ukufumanisa ulandelelwano lwemfuza yomntu ziyahluka, kodwa kude kube kutshanje, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo isetyenziswa yiDNA microarraying.IiMicroarrays zilinganisa iinxalenye zegenome yomntu endaweni yokufunda lonke ulandelelwano.Ngokwembali, ii-microchips bezilula, zikhawuleza, kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye iindlela, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunemida ethile.
Emva kokuba idatha iqokelelwe, inokufundwa kwisikali kusetyenziswa izifundo ze-genome-wide association (okanye i-GWAS).Olu phononongo lujonge ukwahluka kwemfuza okunxulumene neempawu ezithile.Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nezona zifundo zinkulu zibonakalise kuphela iqhezu leziphumo zofuzo eziphantsi kweempawu ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa noko sinokukulindela kwizifundo ezingamawele.Ukungaphumeleli ukuchonga zonke iimpawu zofuzo ezifanelekileyo zophawu kwaziwa ngokuba yingxaki “yelifa elilahlekileyo”.[umbhalo osemazantsi 2]
Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi kwe-GWAS ukuchonga ukwahluka kwemfuza okuhambelanayo kuyaphucuka kunye nedatha eninzi, ngoko ke ingxaki yokunqongophala kwemfuza inokusonjululwa njengoko idatha eninzi ye-genomic iqokelelwa.
Ukongeza, njengoko iindleko ziqhubeka nokuhla kwaye itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuphucuka, ngakumbi nangakumbi abaphandi basebenzisa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-genenome sequencing endaweni ye-microarrays.Oku kufunda ngokuthe ngqo ulandelelwano lwegenome yonke kunolandelelwano oluyinxenye.Ulandelelwano lunokoyisa imida emininzi eyayanyaniswa nee-microarrays, okukhokelela kulwazi olutyebileyo nolunolwazi.Le datha ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ingxaki yokungafumaneki kwelifa, oku kuthetha ukuba siqala ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba zeziphi iijini ezisebenzisanayo ukuchaphazela iimpawu.
Ngokunjalo, ingqokelela enkulu yolandelelwano lwegenome ecetywayo ngoku ngeenjongo zempilo yoluntu iya kubonelela ngeedatha ezityebileyo nezithembekileyo zophando.Oku kuya kuba yingenelo kwabo bafunda ngeempawu ezisempilweni nezingafanelekanga.
Njengoko sifunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela imfuza enempembelelo ngayo kwiimpawu, sinokuqikelela ngcono ukuba iijini ezahlukeneyo zinokusebenzisana njani kuphawu oluthile.Oku kwenziwa ngokudibanisa iziphumo zokubeka ezisuka kwiijini ezininzi zibe ngumlinganiselo omnye woxanduva lwemfuza, owaziwa ngokuba yipolygenic score.Amanqaku e-Polygenic akholisa ukuba ngabaxeli abachaneke ngakumbi bokwenzeka komntu ekuphuhliseni uphawu kuneempawu zofuzo zomntu ngamnye.
Amanqaku e-polygenic okwangoku afumana ukuthandwa kuphando lwezempilo ngenjongo yosuku olunye olusebenzisa ukukhokela ukungenelela kwezonyango kwinqanaba lomntu.Nangona kunjalo, amanqaku e-polygenic anqunyelwe yi-GWAS, ngoko ke abaninzi abakaqiqi iimpawu zabo ekujoliswe kuzo ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye amanqaku e-polygenic okukhula afezekisa kuphela i-25% yokuchaneka okuqikelelweyo.[Umbhalo osemazantsi okwiphepha 3] Oku kuthetha ukuba kweminye imiqondiso isenokungachani njengezinye iindlela zokuxilonga ezinjengovavanyo lwegazi okanye iMRI.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko idatha ye-genomic iphucula, ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwe-polygenicity kufuneka kuphuculwe.Kwixesha elizayo, amanqaku e-polygenic anokubonelela ngolwazi kwingozi yeklinikhi ngaphambi kwezixhobo zokuxilonga zendabuko, kwaye ngendlela efanayo zingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela iimpawu ezingezizo impilo.
Kodwa, njengayo nayiphi na indlela, inemida.Olona thintelo luphambili lwe-GWAS kukwahluka kwedatha esetyenzisiweyo, engabonisi iyantlukwano yabemi bebonke.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-83% ye-GWAS yenziwa kumaqela anemvelaphi yaseYurophu kuphela.[Umbhalo osemazantsi okwiphepha 4] Ngokucacileyo oku kuyingxaki kuba kuthetha ukuba i-GWAS inokusebenza kuphela kubantu abathile.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kovavanyo oluqikelelweyo olusekwe kwiziphumo ze-GWAS zocalulo lwabemi kunokukhokelela kucalucalulo kubantu abangaphandle kwabemi be-GWAS.
Kwiimpawu ezingezizo zempilo, ukuqikelelwa okusekelwe kumanqaku e-polygenic okwangoku anolwazi oluncinci kunolwazi olukhoyo lwe-non-genomic.Umzekelo, amanqaku epolygeni yokuqikelela ukufikelela kwimfundo (elinye lawona manqaku anamandla epolygeni akhoyo) akanalwazi oluncinane kunemilinganiselo elula yemfundo yabazali.[Umbhalo osemazantsi 5] Amandla aqikelelwayo amanqaku epolygeni ngokuqinisekileyo aya kwanda njengoko isikali kunye nokwahluka kwezifundo, kunye nezifundo ezisekelwe kwidatha epheleleyo yolandelelwano lwegenome.
Uphando lwe-Genome lugxile kwi-genomics yezempilo kunye nezifo, ukunceda ukuchonga iindawo ze-genome ezichaphazela umngcipheko wesifo.Into esiyaziyo ngendima ye-genomics ixhomekeke kwisifo.Kwezinye izifo zemfuza enye, ezifana nesifo sikaHuntington, sinokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo amathuba okuba umntu aphuhlise isifo ngokusekelwe kwidatha ye-genomic.Kwizifo ezibangelwa yimfuza eninzi edibeneyo kunye neempembelelo zendalo, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ukuchaneka kweengqikelelo ze-genomic kwakuphantsi kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona isifo esintsonkothileyo okanye uphawu, kokukhona kunzima ukusiqonda ngokuchanekileyo nokuqikelela.Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka kwangaphambili kuyaphucuka njengoko i-cohorts efundwayo iba nkulu kwaye yahluka ngakumbi.
I-UK iphambili kuphando lwezempilo lwe-genomics.Siphuhlise iziseko ezingundoqo kubuchwepheshe be-genomic, ugcino-lwazi lophando kunye namandla ekhompyutha.I-UK yenze igalelo elikhulu kulwazi lwe-genome lwehlabathi, ngakumbi ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19 xa sasikhokela indlela yokulandelelana kwentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 kunye nezinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo.
I-Genome UK sisicwangciso esinamabhongo sase-UK sempilo ye-genomic, kunye ne-NHS edibanisa ulandelelwano lwe-genome kukhathalelo lwezonyango lwesiqhelo lokuxilongwa kwezifo ezinqabileyo, umhlaza okanye izifo ezosulelayo.[umbhalo osemazantsi 6]
Oku kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni okubonakalayo kwinani leejenomes zabantu ezikhoyo kuphando.Oku kufuneka kuvumele uphando olubanzi kwaye kuvule amathuba amatsha okusetyenziswa kwegenomics.Njengomkhokeli wehlabathi jikelele ekuphuhliseni idatha ye-genomic kunye neziseko zophuhliso, i-UK inamandla okuba yinkokeli yehlabathi kwiindlela zokuziphatha kunye nokulawulwa kwesayensi ye-genomic.
Izixhobo zovavanyo lwemfuzo zithengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwababoneleli bezempilo.I-saliva swabs ithunyelwa ukuba ihlalutye, ibonelela abathengi ngempilo yomntu okanye uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.Le ntengiso ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye namashumi ezigidi zabathengi kwihlabathi jikelele bathumela iisampulu ze-DNA kulandelelwano lwezorhwebo ukuze bafumane ulwazi ngempilo yabo, umnombo kunye nemfuzo yeempawu.
Ukuchaneka kolunye uhlalutyo lwe-genome olubonelela ngeenkonzo ngokuthe ngqo kumthengi lunokuba luphantsi kakhulu.Uvavanyo lunokuba nefuthe kubumfihlo bomntu ngokwabelana ngedatha, ukuchongwa kwezalamane, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla kwiiprothokholi ze-cybersecurity.Abathengi basenokungayiqondi ngokupheleleyo le miba xa beqhagamshelana nenkampani yovavanyo ye-DTC.
Uvavanyo lweGenomic lwe-DTCs lweempawu ezingezizo ezonyango nalo alulawulwa kakhulu.Badlulela ngaphaya komthetho olawula uvavanyo lwe-genomic yezonyango kwaye endaweni yoko baxhomekeke ekuzilawuleni ngokuzithandela kwababoneleli bovavanyo.Uninzi lwezi nkampani zisekwe ngaphandle kwe-UK kwaye azilawulwa e-UK.
Ulandelelwano lwe-DNA lunamandla akhethekileyo kwisayensi ye-forensic ukuchonga abantu abangaziwayo.Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lwe-DNA lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukususela ekuqulunqweni kwe-DNA ye-fingerprinting kwi-1984, kwaye i-UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) iqulethe i-5.7 yezigidi zeeprofayili zomntu kunye neerekhodi ze-631,000 zobugebengu.[umbhalo osemazantsi 8]
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2023