Kungakhathaliseki ukuba isinyithi esiluhlaza senziwe njani ityhubhu okanye umbhobho, inkqubo yokuvelisa ishiya inani elibalulekileyo lezinto eziseleyo phezu komhlaba.Ukwenziwa kunye nokuwelda kwilitye lokusila, ukuzoba kwitafile yokuyila, okanye ukusebenzisa ipiler okanye i-extruder elandelwa yinkqubo yokusika ukuya kubude kunokubangela ukuba umbhobho okanye umphezulu wombhobho uqatywe ngegrisi kwaye unokuvaleka bubutyobo.Ukungcola okuqhelekileyo okufuneka kususwe kwiindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ziquka i-oyile kunye ne-lubricant-based lubricants ukusuka ekuzobeni nasekusikeni, i-debris yensimbi evela kwimisebenzi yokusika, kunye nothuli lwefektri kunye ne-debris.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokucoca i-plumbing yangaphakathi kunye ne-air ducts, nokuba zinezisombululo ezinamanzi okanye i-solvents, zifana nezo zisetyenziselwa ukucoca iindawo zangaphandle.Ezi ziquka ukugungxula, ukuplaga kunye ne-ultrasonic cavitation.Zonke ezi ndlela ziyasebenza kwaye sele zisetyenziswe amashumi eminyaka.
Kakade ke, zonke iinkqubo zinemida, kwaye ezi ndlela zokucoca azinjalo.Ukugungxula kufuna uphindaphindo lwezandla kwaye kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo njengoko isantya solwelo lokugungxulwa sihla njengoko ulwelo lusondela kumphezulu wombhobho (isiphumo somaleko womda) (jonga uMfanekiso 1).Ukupakisha kusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kunzima kakhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka kwiidayamitha ezincinci ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango (i-subcutaneous okanye i-luminal tubes).Amandla e-Ultrasonic asebenzayo ekucoceni iindawo zangaphandle, kodwa akakwazi ukungena kwiindawo ezinzima kwaye kunzima ukufikelela ngaphakathi kumbhobho, ngakumbi xa imveliso ihlanganiswe.Enye into engalunganga kukuba amandla e-ultrasonic anokubangela umonakalo kumphezulu.Amaqamza omsindo acinywa yi-cavitation, ekhulula inani elikhulu lamandla kufuphi nomphezulu.
Enye indlela kwezi nkqubo yivacuum cyclic nucleation (VCN), ebangela ukuba amaqamza erhasi akhule kwaye adilike ukuze ahambise ulwelo.Ngokusisiseko, ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-ultrasonic, ayifaki ingozi yokonakalisa iindawo zetsimbi.
I-VCN isebenzisa amaqamza omoya ukuphazamisa nokususa ulwelo ngaphakathi kumbhobho.Le yinkqubo yokuntywiliselwa esebenza kwi-vacuum kwaye inokusetyenziswa kunye nolwelo olusekwe emanzini kunye ne-solvent-based.
Isebenza kwangolo mgaqo ufana namaqamza xa amanzi eqalisa ukubila embizeni.Amaqamza okuqala abumba kwiindawo ezithile, ngakumbi kwiimbiza ezisetyenziswa kakuhle.Ukuhlolwa ngononophelo kwezi ndawo kudla ngokubonisa uburhabaxa okanye ezinye izinto ezingafezekanga kule mimandla.Kukule mimandla apho umphezulu we-pan udibanisa ngakumbi kunye nomthamo onikiweyo wolwelo.Ukongeza, kuba ezi ndawo azikho phantsi kokupholisa kwendalo, amaqamza omoya anokwakheka ngokulula.
Ekubiliseni ubushushu, ubushushu bugqithiselwa kulwelo ukunyusa ubushushu balo kwindawo yokubilisa.Xa iqondo lokubilisa lifinyelelwe, ubushushu buyeka ukunyuka;Ukongeza ubushushu obuninzi kubangela ukuba umphunga, ekuqaleni ngendlela yamaqamza omphunga.Xa ishushu ngokukhawuleza, lonke ulwelo oluphezu komhlaba lujika lube ngumphunga, owaziwa ngokuba yifilim ebilayo.
Nantsi into eyenzekayo xa uzisa imbiza yamanzi ekubiliseni: okokuqala, amaqamza omoya abumba kwiindawo ezithile kumphezulu wembiza, kwaye njengoko amanzi ephazamiseka kwaye eshukunyiswa, amanzi aphuma ngokukhawuleza ukusuka phezulu.Kufuphi nomphezulu kukho umphunga ongabonakaliyo;xa umphunga uphola ekudibaneni nomoya ojikelezileyo, ujiya ube ngumphunga wamanzi, obonakala ngokucacileyo njengoko ubumba phezu kwembiza.
Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka kwi-212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius), kodwa akuphelelanga apho.Oku kwenzeka kobu bushushu kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, oluyi-14.7 pounds per square intshi (PSI [1 bar]).Ngamanye amazwi, ngosuku apho uxinzelelo lomoya kwinqanaba lolwandle luyi-14.7 psi, indawo yokubilisa yamanzi kwinqanaba lolwandle yi-212 degrees Fahrenheit;kwangolo suku lunye ezintabeni kwii-5,000 ezinyaweni kulo mmandla, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yi-12.2 pounds nge-intshi yesikwere, apho amanzi aya kuba neqondo lokubilisa le-203 degrees Fahrenheit.
Endaweni yokunyusa ubushushu bolwelo ukuya kwindawo yokubilisa, inkqubo yeVCN ithoba uxinzelelo kwigumbi ukuya kwindawo yokubila yolwelo kwiqondo lobushushu le-ambient.Ngokufana nokubilisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu, xa uxinzelelo lufikelela kwindawo yokubilisa, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo luhlala luhleli.Olu xinzelelo lubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga.Xa umphezulu wangaphakathi wombhobho okanye umbhobho uzaliswe nge-steam, indawo yangaphandle izalisa umphunga oyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo lomphunga kwigumbi.
Nangona ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obubilisiweyo kubonisa umgaqo we-VCN, inkqubo ye-VCN isebenza ngokuphambene nokubilisa.
Inkqubo yokucoca ekhethiweyo.Ukuveliswa kwe-Bubble yinkqubo ekhethiweyo ejoliswe ekucoceni iindawo ezithile.Ukususa wonke umoya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ukuya kwi-0 psi, oxinzelelo lomphunga, obangela ukuba umphunga wenze phezu komhlaba.Amaqamza omoya akhulayo asusa ulwelo kumphezulu wetyhubhu okanye umlomo.Xa i-vacuum ikhutshwe, igumbi libuyela kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kwaye licociwe, ulwelo olutsha oluzalisa ityhubhu kumjikelo olandelayo wokucoca.Imijikelo yeVacuum / yoxinzelelo iqhele ukusetwa kwimizuzwana eyi-1 ukuya kweye-3 kwaye inokusetwa kulo naliphi na inani lemijikelo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokungcoliseka kwendawo yokusebenza.
Inzuzo yale nkqubo kukuba ihlambulula ubuso bombhobho ukusuka kwindawo engcolileyo.Njengoko umphunga ukhula, i-liquid iqhutyelwa kumphezulu we-tube kwaye ikhawuleza, idala i-ripple enamandla kwiindonga ze-tube.Olona lonwabo lukhulu lubakho kwiindonga, apho ukhula khona umphunga.Ngokusisiseko, le nkqubo iqhekeza umaleko womda, igcina ulwelo lusondele kumphezulu wemichiza ephezulu.Kwikhiwane.I-2 ibonisa amanyathelo amabini enkqubo usebenzisa isisombululo se-aqueous surfactant eyi-0.1%.
Ukuze wenze umphunga, amaqamza kufuneka akhe kwindawo eqinileyo.Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokucoca isuka kumphezulu ukuya kulwelo.Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo, i-nucleation ye-bubble iqala ngamaqamza amancinci adibana ngaphezulu, ekugqibeleni enze amaqamza azinzile.Ke ngoko, i-nucleation ithanda imimandla enomgangatho ophezulu ngaphezulu komthamo wolwelo, njengemibhobho kunye nombhobho ongaphakathi kweedamitha.
Ngenxa ye-curvature ye-concave yombhobho, i-steam inokwenzeka ukuba yenziwe ngaphakathi kombhobho.Kuba amaqamza omoya akheka lula kwidayamitha yangaphakathi, umphunga wenziwa apho kuqala kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba ushenxise i-70% ukuya kwi-80% yolwelo.Ulwelo olukumphezulu kwincopho yenqanaba levacuum luphantse lube yi-100% umphunga, olinganisa ifilimu ebilayo xa udlulisa ubushushu.
Inkqubo ye-nucleation iyasebenza kwiimveliso ezithe tye, ezigobileyo okanye ezijijekileyo malunga naluphi na ubude okanye uqwalaselo.
Fumana ukonga okufihliweyo.Iinkqubo zamanzi ezisebenzisa iiVCN zinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko.Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo igcina ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kweekhemikhali ngenxa yokuxuba okunamandla kufuphi nomphezulu wetyhubhu (jonga uMzobo 1), ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kweekhemikhali akufuneki ukuba kube lula ukusasazeka kweekhemikhali.Ukucutshungulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokucoca kwakhona kubangela imveliso ephezulu kumatshini onikiweyo, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa iindleko zezixhobo.
Ekugqibeleni, zombini iinkqubo ze-VCN ezisekelwe kumanzi kunye ne-solvent-based inokunyusa imveliso ngokumisa i-vacuum.Oku akufuni naziphi na izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, yinxalenye nje yenkqubo.
Ngenxa yoyilo lwegumbi elivaliweyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-thermal, inkqubo yeVCN inokuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo ye-nucleation ye-vacuum cycle isetyenziselwa ukucoca amacandelo e-tubular yobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo, ezifana nezixhobo zonyango ezinobubanzi obuncinci (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-radimeter enkulu ye-radimeter waveguides (ekunene).
Kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-solvent, ezinye iindlela zokucoca ezifana ne-steam kunye ne-spray zingasetyenziswa ngaphezu kwe-VCN.Kwezinye izicelo ezizodwa, inkqubo ye-ultrasound inokongezwa ukuphucula i-VCN.Xa usebenzisa i-solvents, inkqubo ye-VCN ixhaswa yinkqubo ye-vacuum-to-vacuum (okanye i-airless), yokuqala inelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1991. Inkqubo inciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-solvent kwi-97% okanye ngaphezulu.Inkqubo iye yamkelwa yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo kunye neSithili saseCalifornia soLawulo loMgangatho woMoya woNxweme loMzantsi ngokusebenza kwayo ekuthinteleni ukuvezwa nokusetyenziswa.
Iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ezisebenzisa ii-VCN zixabisa kakhulu kuba inkqubo nganye iyakwazi ukufunxa i-vacuum distillation, inyusa ukubuyiswa kwe-solvent.Oku kunciphisa ukuthengwa kwe-solvent kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.Le nkqubo ngokwayo yandisa ubomi besinyibilikisi;izinga lokubola kwe-solvent liyancipha njengoko ubushushu bokusebenza buyancipha.
Ezi nkqubo zifanelekile emva konyango ezifana ne-passivation kunye nezisombululo ze-asidi okanye ukuvala inzala nge-hydrogen peroxide okanye ezinye iikhemikhali ukuba ziyafuneka.Umsebenzi ongaphezulu wenkqubo ye-VCN yenza olu nyango lukhawuleze kwaye lube neendleko, kwaye zinokudibaniswa kuyilo lwezixhobo ezifanayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oomatshini be-VCN bacubungula imibhobho encinci njenge-0.25 mm ububanzi kunye nemibhobho enobubanzi ukuya kwi-ratios yobukhulu bodonga ngaphezu kwe-1000: 1 kwintsimi.Kwizifundo zebhubhoratri, i-VCN yayisebenza kakuhle ekususeni iikhoyili ezingcolileyo zangaphakathi ukuya kwi-1 imitha ubude kunye ne-0.08 mm ububanzi;ekusebenzeni, yakwazi ukucoca ngemingxuma ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.15 mm ububanzi.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yasungulwa ngo-1990 njengemagazini yokuqala enikezelwe kushishino lwemibhobho yesinyithi.Namhlanje, isele ikuphela kwempapasho yoshishino kuMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngowona mthombo uthembekileyo wolwazi lwabasebenzi betyhubhu.
Ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-FABRICATOR ngoku iyafumaneka, inika ufikelelo olulula kwimithombo yoshishino oluxabisekileyo.
Ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-Tube & Pipe Journal iyafumaneka ngoku, ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeshishini.
Yonwabela ufikelelo olupheleleyo lwedijithali kwi-STAMPING Journal, ijenali yemarike yestamping yesinyithi enenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, ezona zenzo zibalaseleyo kunye neendaba zeshishini.
Ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-Fabricator en Español edition yedijithali ngoku iyafumaneka, inika ufikelelo olulula kwimithombo yoshishino oluxabisekileyo.
Umhlohli weWelding kunye nomzobi uSean Flottmann ujoyine iFabricator podcast kwi-FABTECH 2022 e-Atlanta kwincoko ebukhoma…
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-13-2023